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Biol 221 Worksheet Urinary System I. Functions Removal of wastes from the blood is the primary function of the urinary system. List three secondary functions of the urinary system: 1. ____________________________________________________________________________ 2. ____________________________________________________________________________ 3. ____________________________________________________________________________ Name two other organ systems that also function in waste removal: 1. ____________________________________________________________________________ 2. ____________________________________________________________________________ II. Urinary System Organs Complete the following table: Name of Organ Paired or Single? 1 Basic Function Match the functions/characteristics to the correct urinary tract organ. Each urinary tract organ may have more than one correct answer. ________________kidneys ________________ureters ________________urinary bladder ________________urethra a. retroperitoneal b. subperitoneal c. no relationship to peritoneum d. solid organ with outer cortex & inner medulla e. hollow organ f. conducts urine away from kidneys g. stores urine h. conducts urine out of body i. length varies by gender j. location of rugae & trigone k. outflow regulated by internal urethral sphincter l. outflow regulated by external urethral sphincter III. Nephrons & Urine Formation Nephrons are mostly located in the renal __________________ (cortex/medulla). Structurally, nephrons can be divided into two groups of structures, the renal corpuscle, and renal tubules. List the parts of a nephron found in each of these two subdivisions: Renal Corpuscle: Renal Tubules: ____________________________ ________________________________ ____________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ 2 Complete the following table for the three processes of urine formation: Name of Process Part of Nephron where most of process occurs Which Molecules are moving? Into blood or out of blood? Name of fluid produced after the process IV. Urine Pathway List the seven (7) structures through which urine moves after it leaves nephrons: 1. ________________________________________________ 2. ________________________________________________ 3. ________________________________________________ 4. ________________________________________________ 5. ________________________________________________ 6. ________________________________________________ 7. ________________________________________________ 3 V. Urine Composition By volume, urine is mostly ______________________. On average, urine tends to be ________________________ (acidic/alkaline/neutral in pH). List three nitrogen-containing wastes commonly found in urine: 1. __________________________________________ 2. __________________________________________ 3. __________________________________________ VI. Regulation of Fluid Volume If blood pressure is too_____________ (low/high), filtration stops, and wastes build up in the blood. When blood volume and blood pressure drop, the hormone ______________________________________ makes collecting ducts ___________ (more/less) permeable to water. This causes water to move out of the ________________(blood/urine) into the ____________________(blood/urine). As a result, blood volume and blood pressure __________________________ (increase/decrease). What other substances help increase blood pressure? 4