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Name:_________________________ Created by Ms Foglia, adapted by Ms Rhodes, with text from Campbell and Reece Biology CHAPTER 33: Invertebrates This chapter surveys the amazing diversity of invertebrate animals. Characteristics and representatives of the major animal phyla are presented. The groups covered are the sponges, cnidarians, flatworms, rotifers, three lophophorate phyla, nemerteans, mollusks, annelids, nematodes, arthropods, echinoderms, and chordates. 1. How does the structure of a sponge relate to its method of nutrition? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 2. What is a unique characteristic common to the Cnidarians? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 3. What are the two forms of shape within the Cnidarians? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 4. What are some evolutionary advancements we see in the Platyhelminthes? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 5. In what way are Platyhelminthes significant to humans? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 6. Define parthenogenesis. _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 7. What is unique in the structure and function of the Psedocoelomates? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 8. List ways in which Nematodes impact humans. _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 9. List common examples that could be classified as Coelomate Protostomes. _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 10. What are the three major body regions of a Mollusk? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 11. Why do zoologists debate the relationship of Mollusks and Annelids? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 12. What is the evolutionary significance of the coelom as seen in the Annelids? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 13. What is the importance of segmentation? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 14. Why are the Arthropoda regarded as the most successful of all animal phyla? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 15. Identify a characteristic that was most significant to Arthropod success. _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 16. List common examples that could be classified as Coelomate Deuterostomes. _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 17. What traits are particularly unique to the Echinoderms? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Using Table 32.1 on page 595 and Table 33.7 on page 620 and the information in the text, label the phylogenetic diagram of animals with significant characteristics that distinguish major branches. 18. Compare and contrast the following features for insects and crustaceans. Feature Insects Crustaceans Habitat a. b. Locomotion c. d. Respiration e. f. Excretion g. h. Antennae Number i. j. Appendages k. l. Word Roots Arthro- = jointed -pod = foot (arthropoda: segmented coelomates with exoskeleton and jointed appendages) Arachn- = spider (arachnida: the arthropod group that includes scorpions, spiders, ticks, and mites) Brachio- = the arm (brachiopod: also called lamp shells, these animals superficially resemble clams and other bivalve mollusks, but the two halves of the brachiopod shell are dorsal and ventral to the animal rather than lateral, as in clams. Cheli- = a claw (chelicerae: claw-like feeding appendages characteristic of the chelioceriform group) Cuti- = the skin (cuticle: the exoskeleton of an arthropod) Echino- = spiny (echinoderm: sessile or slow-moving animals with a thin skin that covers and exoskeleton; the group includes sea stars, sea urchins, brittle stars, sea cucumbers, and sea daisies) 19. MATCHING: Match the following organisms with their phylum and class or subphylum. Answers may be used more than once or not at all. Organism jellyfish crayfish snail leech tapeworm cricket scallop tick sea urchin Phylum ________________ ________________ ________________ ______________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ Class or Subphylum __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ hydra planaria chambered nautilus Phyla A. Annelida B. Arthropoda C. Cnidaria D. Echinodermata E. Ectoprocta F. Mollusca G. Nematoda H. Silicea I. Platyhelminthes J. Rotifera ________________ ________________ ________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ Classes or Subphyla a. Arachnida b. Bivalvia c. Cephalopoda d. Cestoidea e. Crustacea f. Echinoidea g. Gastropoda h. Hirudinea i. Hydrozoa j. Insects (Hexopoda) k. Oligochaeta l. Scyphozoa m. Turbellaria 21. Invertebrates include a. all animals except for the phylum Vertebrata b. all animals without backbones c. only animals that use hydrostatic skeletons d. members of the protostomes, but not of the deuterostomes e. all animals without an endoskeleton 22. Which of the following is the best description of the sponges? a. no real symmetry, diploblastic, cnidocytes for capturing prey b. radial symmetry, triploblastic, nematocysts c. no real symmetry, without true tissues, choanocytes for trapping food particles d. bilateral symmetry, pseudocoel, flame bulbs for excretion e. bilateral symmetry, osculum and spongocoel for filtering water 23. Which of the following does not have a gastrovascular cavity for digestion? a. flatworm b. hydra c. polychaete worm d. sea anemone e. fluke 24. Hermaphrodites a. b. c. d. e. contain male and female sex organs but usually cross-fertilize include sponges, earthworms and most insects are characteristically parthenogenic rotifers are both a and b are a, b and c 25. Which of the following combinations of phylum and characteristics is incorrect? a. Brachiopoda – lophophore, stalked, marine animals with hinged shells b. Rotifera – parthenogenesis, crown of cilia, microscopic animals c. Nematoda – gastrovascular cavity, tough cuticle, ubiquitous d. Annelida – segmentation, closed circulatory system, hydrostatic skeleton e. Echinodermata – radial anatomy in adults, endoskeleton, water vascular system 26. The exoskeleton of arthropods a. functions in protection and anchorage for muscles b. is composed of chitin and cellulose c. is absent in millipedes and centipedes d. expands at the joints when the arthropod grows e. functions in respiration and movement