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Created by Ms Foglia, adapted by Ms Rhodes, with text from Campbell and Reece Biology
CHAPTER 33: Invertebrates
This chapter surveys the amazing diversity of invertebrate animals. Characteristics and
representatives of the major animal phyla are presented. The groups covered are the sponges,
cnidarians, flatworms, rotifers, three lophophorate phyla, nemerteans, mollusks, annelids,
nematodes, arthropods, echinoderms, and chordates.
1. How does the structure of a sponge relate to its method of nutrition?
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2. What is a unique characteristic common to the Cnidarians?
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3. What are the two forms of shape within the Cnidarians?
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4. What are some evolutionary advancements we see in the Platyhelminthes?
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5. In what way are Platyhelminthes significant to humans?
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6. Define parthenogenesis.
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7. What is unique in the structure and function of the Psedocoelomates?
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8. List ways in which Nematodes impact humans.
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9. List common examples that could be classified as Coelomate Protostomes.
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10. What are the three major body regions of a Mollusk?
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11. Why do zoologists debate the relationship of Mollusks and Annelids?
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12. What is the evolutionary significance of the coelom as seen in the Annelids?
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13. What is the importance of segmentation?
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14. Why are the Arthropoda regarded as the most successful of all animal phyla?
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15. Identify a characteristic that was most significant to Arthropod success.
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16. List common examples that could be classified as Coelomate Deuterostomes.
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17. What traits are particularly unique to the Echinoderms?
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Using Table 32.1 on page 595 and Table 33.7 on page 620 and the
information in the text, label the phylogenetic diagram of animals with significant characteristics
that distinguish major branches.
18. Compare and contrast the following features for insects and crustaceans.
Feature
Insects
Crustaceans
Habitat
a.
b.
Locomotion
c.
d.
Respiration
e.
f.
Excretion
g.
h.
Antennae Number
i.
j.
Appendages
k.
l.
Word Roots
Arthro- = jointed
-pod = foot (arthropoda: segmented coelomates with exoskeleton and jointed appendages)
Arachn- = spider (arachnida: the arthropod group that includes scorpions, spiders, ticks, and mites)
Brachio- = the arm (brachiopod: also called lamp shells, these animals superficially resemble clams
and other bivalve mollusks, but the two halves of the brachiopod shell are dorsal and
ventral to the animal rather than lateral, as in clams.
Cheli- = a claw (chelicerae: claw-like feeding appendages characteristic of the chelioceriform
group)
Cuti- = the skin (cuticle: the exoskeleton of an arthropod)
Echino- = spiny (echinoderm: sessile or slow-moving animals with a thin skin that covers and
exoskeleton; the group includes sea stars, sea urchins, brittle stars, sea cucumbers, and sea
daisies)
19. MATCHING: Match the following organisms with their phylum and class or subphylum.
Answers may be used more than once or not at all.
Organism
jellyfish
crayfish
snail
leech
tapeworm
cricket
scallop
tick
sea urchin
Phylum
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Class or Subphylum
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hydra
planaria
chambered nautilus
Phyla
A. Annelida
B. Arthropoda
C. Cnidaria
D. Echinodermata
E. Ectoprocta
F. Mollusca
G. Nematoda
H. Silicea
I. Platyhelminthes
J. Rotifera
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Classes or Subphyla
a. Arachnida
b. Bivalvia
c. Cephalopoda
d. Cestoidea
e. Crustacea
f. Echinoidea
g. Gastropoda
h. Hirudinea
i. Hydrozoa
j. Insects (Hexopoda)
k. Oligochaeta
l. Scyphozoa
m. Turbellaria
21. Invertebrates include
a. all animals except for the phylum Vertebrata
b. all animals without backbones
c. only animals that use hydrostatic skeletons
d. members of the protostomes, but not of the deuterostomes
e. all animals without an endoskeleton
22. Which of the following is the best description of the sponges?
a. no real symmetry, diploblastic, cnidocytes for capturing prey
b. radial symmetry, triploblastic, nematocysts
c. no real symmetry, without true tissues, choanocytes for trapping food particles
d. bilateral symmetry, pseudocoel, flame bulbs for excretion
e. bilateral symmetry, osculum and spongocoel for filtering water
23. Which of the following does not have a gastrovascular cavity for digestion?
a. flatworm
b. hydra
c. polychaete worm
d. sea anemone
e. fluke
24. Hermaphrodites
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
contain male and female sex organs but usually cross-fertilize
include sponges, earthworms and most insects
are characteristically parthenogenic rotifers
are both a and b
are a, b and c
25. Which of the following combinations of phylum and characteristics is incorrect?
a. Brachiopoda – lophophore, stalked, marine animals with hinged shells
b. Rotifera – parthenogenesis, crown of cilia, microscopic animals
c. Nematoda – gastrovascular cavity, tough cuticle, ubiquitous
d. Annelida – segmentation, closed circulatory system, hydrostatic skeleton
e. Echinodermata – radial anatomy in adults, endoskeleton, water vascular system
26. The exoskeleton of arthropods
a. functions in protection and anchorage for muscles
b. is composed of chitin and cellulose
c. is absent in millipedes and centipedes
d. expands at the joints when the arthropod grows
e. functions in respiration and movement