Download Kingdom Animalia

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Kingdom Animalia
Many people have trouble understanding the leap from our protist ancestor around 700 mya to animals.
-Feeding cells indented to form a
hollow cavity
Protist Ancestor
-Colonial
-Flagellated
- Some cells
specialized for
feeding
-Indented cell
forms an early
digestive cavity
allowing organism
to capture and
digest food.
The Simplest Phyla:
Porifera: The Sponges
Sponges have very similar structures to ancestral protists. They contain an outer layer of
_________________ that create a continuous current of water that passes through pores into
the body. Food particles entering with water are captured by specialized cells called
______________. Water is forced out the ______________which is a simple
opening at the top of the sponge.
Porifera is the most distantly related of all animals
Asymmetrical
Cnidaria: The Jellyfish, Coral, Hydras & Anemones
Cnidarians are the simplest animals that have specialized
________________, _____________________,
_____________________ and _______________________ tissues. All
cnidarians have tentacles with stinging cells called ________________
which contain a barbed tube that delivers a paralyzing sting to prey and
attackers.
Radial Symmetry
The Protostome Phyla: (in embryonic development, the mouth forms before the anus)
Phyla
Arthropoda
Nematoda
Annelida
Mollusca
Rotifera
Platyhelminthes
Examples
Spiders, mites, scorpions, lobsters
Heartworm, pinworms
Earthworms
Snails, clams, octopus, squid
Rotifers
Tapeworms, liver flukes
Key Features
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The protostomes are extremely diverse. Just within phylum arthropoda, class Inescta, there are
over 1.1 million described species!
ALL PROTOSTOMES HAVE:


The Deuterostome Phyla: (during embryonic development, the anus forms before the mouth)
The Echinoderms: The only phylum that are invertebrates (no rigid
backbone structure)
Though visibly different, echinoderms have a complete digestive
system, nervous system and a simple circulatory system.
The Chordates: the most complex living organisms that all have a notochord (primitive
backbone) or segmented vertebrae and bilateral symmetry.
Interesting enough, the embryonic development of these advanced organisms have striking
similarities to their more primitive cousins.
Observing embryology is like watching evolution !
SIMILARITIES
Day 1:
Day 2- 4:
Day 5-7:
Day 9-12:
Day 18-23:
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PHYLUM CHORDATA
Vertebrate (chordate) Classes
Vertebrates evolved key features that allowed them to conquer land:
1) Limbs allowed early amphibians to support their bodies
2) Protective outer skin and shelled eggs allowed early reptiles to stay out of
water
THE ENTIRE KINGDOM ANIMALIA
SBI 3U
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