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Reid, Criminal Justice, 9th ed Student Study Guide Flashcards--Chapter 10 1 Student Study Guide Life in Prison Chapter 10 Flashcards Definitions Front Back Sometimes called civil liberties; all the natural rights guaranteed by the U.S. Constitution (or by individual state constitutions), such as free speech and the right to religious beliefs and practices; also the body of law concerning natural rights. Civil rights The prison store as well as the incidental items sold to inmates; also an inmate's account, which is debited when an item is purchased, as inmates are not permitted to have money within correctional facilities. Commissary A corrections employee with supervisory power over a suspect or convicted offender in custody. Correctional officer (CO) A model of prisonization based on the belief that the prison subculture stems from the way inmates adapt to the severe psychological and physical losses imposed by imprisonment. Deprivation model A policy that courts use to justify nonintervention in the daily administration of corrections agencies. Hands-off doctrine A model based on the assumption that the inmate subculture arises not only from internal prison experiences but also from external patterns of behavior that the inmates take into prison. Importation model The rules or standards of behavior, shared by members of a social group, that define Norms Reid, Criminal Justice, 9th ed Student Study Guide Flashcards--Chapter 10 2 appropriate behavior. The process of an inmate's becoming accustomed to the subculture of prison life. Prisonization The interrelationship of roles, acts, and statuses Social system of people who make up the social structure; a social group or set of interacting persons or groups considered a unitary whole because it reflects the common values, social norms, and objectives of the individuals whom it comprises, even though the group is considered distinct from those individuals. Reid, Criminal Justice, 9th ed Student Study Guide Flashcards--Chapter 10 3 True/False Front Back In the 1974 case of Ruffin v. Commonwealth, the U.S. Supreme Court held that, although an incarcerated person loses some rights because of institutional needs, “a prisoner is not wholly stripped of constitutional protections when he is imprisoned for crime.” False The commissary is where offenders are allowed to purchase items for personal use such as snacks, soap, etc. True Governors are responsible for hiring and firing wardens or superintendents within their respective jurisdictions. False In many jurisdictions, a two-year college degree is required for entry-level officer positions. False In 1995, a federal court held that the U.S. Constitution does not prohibit the viewing of a male inmate by a female correctional officer. True Under the authoritarian regime of prison administration and management, inmate cooperation was not necessary to maintain peace within institutions. False More than 90 percent of all female inmates are mothers, with three-fourths having children under the age of 18. False The pains of imprisonment, particularly the concept of deprivation, do not differ for men and women. False The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that states may create policies that restrict the number and age of visitors an inmate may receive. True Reid, Criminal Justice, 9th ed Student Study Guide Flashcards--Chapter 10 Research suggests that in both prisons and jails the highest rates of inmate rape occurred in overcrowded facilities that were understaffed. 4 True Reid, Criminal Justice, 9th ed Student Study Guide Flashcards--Chapter 10 5 Questions Front Back Which of the following generally does not happen during the orientation period in a prison? Inmates have visitors From 1872 until the 1960s, for the most part the federal courts observed a _________ toward inmates and prisons, reasoning that prison administration is a part of the executive, not the judicial, branch of government. Hands-off doctrine _______ require constitutional protection; _________ are there by the grace of prison officials and may be withdrawn at their discretion. Rights; privileges __________ may be restricted if prison officials can show that the restriction is necessary for security or for other recognized penological purposes, such as discipline and order. Rights In _________, the Court stated that allegations Estelle v. Gamble of "inadvertent failure to provide adequate medical care" or of a "negligent ... diagnos[is]" do not establish the requisite state of mind for a violation of the cruel and unusual punishment clause. In 1992 in __________, the U.S. Supreme Court held that inmates may bring actions for cruel and unusual punishment against prison officials who engage in physical force that results in injuries, even if those injuries are not significant. Hudson v. McMillian Which of the following is the most important reform in prison administration? Increased attention to professionalism What is the primary function of correctional officers? Maintain internal security and discipline Who introduced the concept of prisonization? Donald Clemmer Reid, Criminal Justice, 9th ed Student Study Guide Flashcards--Chapter 10 6 Reid, Criminal Justice, 9th ed Student Study Guide Flashcards--Chapter 10 7 Fill-in-the-Blank Front Back _________ have the most extensive contact and perhaps the greatest effect on inmates. Correctional officer The new inmate encounters prison subculture through the process of socialization, or _______. Prisonization In his study at the Washington State Reformatory, ________ found that the degree to which inmates became involved in prisonization varied by the length of time the inmate was in prison. Stanton Wheeler The traditional approach to an understanding of Importation the inmate subculture, according to John Irwin and Donald R. Cressey, is that inmates take patterns of behavior with them to prison. This constitutes the _________ model. When an inmate arrives at prison, both the formal organization and the inmate society compete for his allegiance; these two represent conflicting processes of socialization. Charles W. Thomas calls the efforts of the formal organization ________ and those of the inmate society _________. Resocialization; prisonization In 1976, the U.S. Supreme Court held that an inmate may bring a successful action against prison officials who deny him or her adequate medical care for a serious medical problem only if it can be shown that the officials acted with _____________________ to the inmate’s needs. Deliberate indifference The most common disease among inmates is __________________, with approximately 29 percent of inmates in a study in Maryland testing positive (compared to about 2 percent of the general population). Hepatitis C In 2004, Congress enacted the ___________________________ Act to divert Mentally Ill Offender Treatment and Crime Reduction Act Reid, Criminal Justice, 9th ed Student Study Guide Flashcards--Chapter 10 mentally ill persons to special courts for treatment. The 1994 revision of the federal criminal code eliminated ____________ that provided college courses in prison. 8 Grants Two of the most destructive and highly Attica, New York; Santa Fe, New Mexico publicized U.S. prison riots occurred in 1971 in _________________ and in 1980 in ________________________.