Download plant packet_ans

NAME _________________________________ PER _______________
PLANT KINGDOM STUDY GUIDE (CH 28-31)
28.1- OVERVIEW OF PLANTS
1. What three adaptations allowed plants to live on land?
 Ability to prevent water loss (cuticle)
 Ability to reproduce in the absence of water (spores & seeds)
 Ability to absorb and transport nutrients (vascular tissue)
2. What are two advantages to life on land for a plant?
 More exposure to sunlight for photosynthesis
 Increased carbon dioxide levels
 Greater supply of inorganic nutrients
3. What is the difference between a spore and a seed?
 Spore = haploid reproductive cell surrounded by a hard outer wall
 Seed = diploid embryo (fertilized egg) surrounded by a protective
coat
4. What purpose does vascular tissue serve for a plant?
 Transports water and dissolved substances from one part of the
plant to another
 Supports the plant
5. Name and describe the function of the two types of vascular tissue found in
vascular plants.
 Xylem: carries absorbed water and inorganic nutrients from the
roots to the stems to the leaves
 Phloem: carries organic compounds (carbs) in any direction
6. Plants are divided into two main groups: Division Bryophyta, or the
nonvascular
plants which do not have
vascular tissue or true roots, stems, and leaves
and division
Tracheophyta, or the
vascular
plants that have
vascular tissue and true roots, stems, and leaves.
7. Vascular plants are further divided into the two groups of
seedless & seed
8. Plants with seeds are further divided into the two groups of
gymnosperms & angiosperms
28. 2 – NON-VASCULAR PLANTS = Bryophytes
9. Give three examples of non-vascular plants:
 Mosses
 Liverworts
 Hornworts
28. 3 – VASCULAR PLANTS = Tracheophytes
10. Classify each of the following as seedless plants or seed plants
Horsetails –
Ginkgos Pine tree –
Fern -
seedless
seed (gymnosperm)
seed (gymnosperm)
seedless
Club moss – seedless
Cedar seed (gymnosperm)
11. Complete the following table that compares monocots and dicots.
Characteristic
# of cotyledons
Pattern of leaf
venation
Flower parts
Example
Monocots
1
Parallel
Multiples of 3
Lilies, irises, orchids,
palm, tulips
Dicots
2
Net
Multiples of 4
or 5
Beans, lettuce, oaks,
maples, elm
What is a cotyledon? Seed leaf
29.1 – PLANT CELLS AND TISSUES
12. What are the three basic types of plant cells?
 Parenchyma – loosely packed, used for photosynthesis, storage of
water and nutrients and healing
 Collenchyma – thicker and uneven, provide support
 Sclerenchyma - thick and even, used for support and structure
where growth is no longer occurring
13. What are the three types of plant tissue systems and what are their
functions?
 Dermal – forms outside covering, absorption, protection, and gas
exchange
 Ground – storage, metabolism, and support
 Vascular – transport and support
29.2 – ROOTS
14. What are the three organs that vascular plants possess?
Roots, stems, and leaves
15. The first root to grow out of a seed is called a primary root, which
can grow larger into a tap root, or can develop a fibrous root
system where numerous roots branch off of it.
16. What are the three functions of roots?
 Anchor
 Absorb + transport water and mineral nutrients
 Store water and organic compounds (sugars)
29.3 – STEMS (Functions: support leaves, transport materials, provide storage)
17. Movement of carbohydrates in a plant is called translocation
18. Loss of water from the plant is called transpiration
29.4 – LEAVES
19. What are leaves specialized to do? Capture sunlight for photosynthesis
20. Label the following cross-section of a leaf:
Cuticle
Upper epidermis
Pallisade mesophyll
Spongy
mesophyll
Vascular bundle (vein)
Lower epidermis
Guard cells
Stomata
21. In which region of the leaf does the majority of photosynthesis occur?
Pallisade mesophyll
22. What are stomata?
Openings in the leaf that allow for gas exchange
23. What regulates when stomata open and close? Guard cells
24. What time of day are stomata usually open? day Closed? night
30.2 – SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN FLOWERING PLANTS
Note: stomata
may also close
during the day
if little water is
available
25. Label the following flower diagram:
petal
anther
stigma
style
filament
ovary
sepal
receptacle
26. Complete the following table of flower-part functions:
PART
Sepal
Petals
Stamens
Anther
Filament
Pistil
Stigma
Style
Ovary
FUNCTION
Leaflike structure that encloses the flower bud
Colored leaf of flower “ADVERTISEMENT” for pollinators
Male part of flower (anther + filament)
Produces pollen (pollen produces sperm)
Supports the anther
Female part of flower (stigma + style + ovary)
Sticky top where pollen grains are deposited
Middle portion of pistil
Base of pistil that contains the ovules (ovules produce eggs)
NOTE: Perfect flower = flower that has both male and female parts
27. After fertilization, what does the ovule become? seed
What does the ripened ovary become? fruit
28. What is the difference between self and cross-pollination?
 Self – involves 1 flower, flowers on the same plant, or flowers from
2 genetically identical plants
 Cross – involves 2 genetically different plants
29. What is the difference between pollination and fertilization?
 Pollination – pollen is transferred from anther to stigma
 Fertilization – union of haploid gametes (egg & sperm)
30.3 – DISPERSAL AND PROPAGATION
30. What is germination? What causes a seed to germinate?
 Germination – when the embryo begins to grow into a young plant
 Causes – water, oxygen, and temperature
31.1 PLANT HORMONES
31. Complete the following chart comparing plant hormones:
Hormone
Ethylene
Auxins
Cytokinins
Abscisic acid (ABA)
Gibberellins (GA)
Functions
Promotes fruit ripening
Promote cell, shoot and bud growth
Promote cell division
Promotes dormancy and blocks growth
Promote cell elongation and
germination
31.2 PLANT MOVEMENTS
32. Complete the following chart comparing plant tropisms:
Stimulus
Touch
Light
Gravity
Chemicals
Tropism
Thigmotropism
Phototropism
Gravitropism
Chemotropism