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Chapter 13 Chromosomes, Mapping, and the Meiosis-Inheritance Connection
13.1 Sex Linkage and the Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance
13.2 Sex Chromosomes and Sex Determination
Autosomes are homologous
Sex chromosomes are not
Female carries XX
Male carries XY
Y chromosome only carries 330 genes
X chromosome carries 2,062 genes
Males and females express the same levels of certain genes found on the X chromosome Dosage compensation
In females one X chromosome is randomly selected for modification
13.3 Exceptions to the Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance
Mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA is inherited only from the egg cell.
13.4 Genetic Mapping
Frequency of recombination is related to relative gene loci.
Chromosome maps can be created using linkage data. The % of recombinant offspring
produced from a cross directly correlates to their distance apart on the chromosome. Turn
percentages into map units.
SNP’s are differences in the individuals within a given population
13.5 Selected Human Genetic Disorders
Nondisjunction leads to aneuploidy
Monosomics
Trisomics
Nondisjunction of sex chromosomes
Genomic imprinting – allele comes only from one parent
Pre-natal diagnosis:
Genetic counselors
Pedigrees
Amniocentesis
Chorionic villi sampling