Download 教案编写基本格式与要求

Teaching Plan of International Edcation
School of KMU
Teaching Department: Basic Medical
Class time： 2016.12.3
subject
Pharmacology
grade 2014
major
Clinical
Name
of Ning Huang professional Lec Lecture
or Lecture
Class 2
teacher
title
ture experiment
hour
29
Aminoglycoside,
Tetracyclines,
Chlorampherico
topic（ chapter）
teaching material （ book Textbook of pharmacology, Zhou Honghao, Kexue chubanshe, 2006.3,
title ， chief editor ， 1st
publishing
house ，
publishing time，edition）
Teaching aims & requirements：
Teaching aims: To Grasp antimicrobial spectrum, indications, pharmacokinetics and clinical uses of
Aminoglycoside, Tetracyclines, Chlorampherico .
Requirements:
Aminoglycoside, Tetracyclines, Chlorampherico
characteristics of the
pharmacological effects.
Key teaching points & difficult points：
Key teaching points: to master the mechanism of action of contraceptives, usage and adverse
reactions.
Difficulty: the mechanism of action of Aminoglycoside, Tetracyclines, Chlorampherico .
Teaching methods：
1) Lecture. Various teaching methods are furnished in pharmacology lectures. Multimedia courseware
in aid of blackboard is the common way of teaching. Animations are also used to illustrate the
mechanism of drugs, making the abstracts lively and easy to understand.
2) “Case based learning” (CBL) mode. Using a case-based approach engages students in discussion of
specific scenarios that resemble or typically are real-world examples. This method is learner-centered
with intense interaction between participants as they build their knowledge and work together as a
group to examine the case. The instructor's role is that of a facilitator while the students
collaboratively analyze and address problems and resolve questions that have no single right answer.
With case-based teaching, students develop skills in analytical thinking and reflective judgment by
reading and discussing complex, real-life scenarios.
Design of PPT and blackboard-writing：Mechanism of action of
Chlorampherico
1
Contents
Section 1 Aminoglycoside
supplementary means
and time allotment
30min
Mechanism of action
Aminoglycosides are irreversible inhibitors of protein synthesis. Once an
aminoglycoside has entered the cell, it binds to specific 30s subunit ribosomal
proteins. Normal protein synthesis include three steps: step 1 Initiation, step 2
Extension and step 3 Termination. Aminoglycosides inhibite protein synthesis
in at least three ways: (1) They interfere with the “initiation complex” of
peptide formation. (2) They induce misreading of mRNA, which causes
incorporation of incorrect amino acids into the peptide, resulting in a
non-functional or toxic protein. (3) They cause a breakup of polysomes into
nonfuntional monosomes.
Mechanism of resistance
Pharmacokinetics
Application in clinic
Adverse effects
2
Contents
supplementary means
and time allotment
Section 2
Tetracyclines
20min
Mechanism of action
Tetracyclines enter microorganisms in part by passive diffusion and in part by
an energy-dependent process of active transport. Susceptible cells concentrate
the drug intracellularly. Once inside the cell, tetracyclines bind reversibly to
the 30s subunit of the bacterial ribosome, interfering with the attachment of
t-RNA to the mRNA ribosome. This prevents addition of amino acids to the
growing peptide.
10min
Mechanism of resistance
Three mechanisms of resistance to tetracyclines have been described. First,
decreased intracellular accumulation due to either impaired influx or
increased efflux by an active transport protein pump. Second, ribosome
protection due to production of proteins that interfere with tetracyclines
binding to the ribosome. Third, enzymatic inactivation of tetracyclines. The
most important of these is production of an efflux pump. The pump protein is
encoded on a plasmid and may be transmitted by transduction or by
conjugation. Because these plasmids commonly encode resistance genes for
other
drugs,
for
example,
aminoglycosides,
sulfonamides
and
chloramphenicol, tetracyclines resistance is a marker for resistance to
multiple drugs.
Pharmacokinetics
Application in clinic
Adverse effects
Note: The contents of the teaching plan mainly includes the specific teaching content, time arrangement, the use of
teaching aids, important professional vocabulary, complement of teaching content, etc.
3
Contents
Section 3
supplementary means
and time allotment
Chlorampherico
Antibacterial spectrum
30min
Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotic. It is active
against both aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative
organisms. Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis and some strains
of Bacteroides are highly susceptible, and for them chloramphenicol may be
bactericidal. The effect to G+ is not as good as penicilin and tetracycline. It
also can repress Rickett’s organism,chlamydia and mycoplasma.Mechanism
of action
Chloramphenicol is a potent inhibitor of microbial protein synthesis. It acts
primarily by binding reversibly to the 50s subunit of the bacterial ribosome,
and interferes with peptidyl transferase in the step of protein synthesis. It is a
bacteriostatic antibiotic.
Resistance
Almost all microorganisms could develop resistance to chloramphenicol.
Clinically significant resistance is due to production of chloramphenicol
acetyltransferase, a plasmid-encoded enzyme that inactivates the drug
Clinical application
Due to its severe adverse effects, chloramphenicol is seldom used in clinic.
30min
It is used only when the benefits of therapy outweigh the risks of the potential
toxicity and there are no other antimicrobial agents to select.
It may be considered for treatment of serious typhoid fever, bacterial
meningitis, anaerobic infections, rickettsial diseases, and brucellosis
Adverse effects
Interaction with other drugs
Chloramphenicol inhibits hepatic microsomal enzymes that metabolize
several drugs. Half-life is prolonged and the serum concentration of
phenytoin, tolbutamide, chlorpropamide and warfarin is increased.
4
Contents
supplementary means
and time allotment
Resistance
Almost all microorganisms could develop resistance to chloramphenicol.
Clinically significant resistance is due to production of chloramphenicol
acetyltransferase, a plasmid-encoded enzyme that inactivates the drug
Clinical application
Due to its severe adverse effects, chloramphenicol is seldom used in clinic.
It is used only when the benefits of therapy outweigh the risks of the potential
toxicity and there are no other antimicrobial agents to select.
It may be considered for treatment of serious typhoid fever, bacterial
meningitis, anaerobic infections, rickettsial diseases, and brucellosis
Adverse effects
Interaction with other drugs
Chloramphenicol inhibits hepatic microsomal enzymes that metabolize
several drugs. Half-life is prolonged and the serum concentration of
phenytoin, tolbutamide, chlorpropamide and warfarin is increased.
5
1.Tetracyclines and chloramphenicol are broad-spectrum antibiotics and they are
active against both aerobic and anaerobic G+ and G-, rickettsia, mycoplasma and
chlamydia. The tetracyclines are a large group of drugs with a common basic
Summary
structure and activity. Tetracyclines include natural tetracyclines, such as
tetracycline, tetramycin, chlortetracycline, demeclocycline and semisynthetic,
such as metacycline, doxycycline, minocycline. Tetracyclines are stable in acid
solution and easily distroyed in alkaline solution.
2. Aminoglycoside, Tetracyclines, Chlorampherico,: action, use, mechanism of
action, adverse reactions.
Aminoglycoside, Tetracyclines, Chlorampherico,: action, use, mechanism of
action, adverse reactions.
Assignments
Sulfonamides, Quinolones , Polypeptide antibiotics
Preview
Implementation
and analysis
Comments of
Department
Head of Department:
Date:
6