Download DRUG\KP\96\CE\1 DRUGS P

DRUG\KP\96\CE\1
P. 1
DRUGS
I. Definition
Drugs are substances/chemical which can change the state or fnction of our body after
intake them into our body.
II. Types of some common drugs in daily life
(1) Anti-acid/antcid - they are drugs that can cure stomach disturbance (e.g. stomachache) due
to excess acid (hydrochloric acid) in the stomach through neutralization. Thus the active
ingredients in them are base such as magnesium hydroxide [Mg(OH)_] or sometimes
sodium hydrogen carbonate [NaHCO_].
Equation :
Mg(OH)_(s)
+ 2 HCl ───> MgCl_(aq) +
2 H_O(l)
(2) Painkilling drugs (drugs used as painkiller)
Type of Painkilling Drugs
Active ingredients
(1) Aspirin*
acetylsalicylate
(2) Panadol*
paracetamol (acetaminophen)
(3) Saridon
paracetamol (acetaminophen), caffeine
(4) Tylenol
paracetamol (acetaminophen)
(The first two which have * on them are the most important ones.)
(3) Cough mixtures - to cure cough.
Some of them may contain codeine or morphine as their ingredients. Both codeine and
morphine may cause drowsiness (sleep feeling).
III. Adverse side effects of drugs
(1) Acetylsalicylate (in aspirin) - may cause damage to stomach lining (stomach wall and
internal bleeding in stomach and large dose can even cause death due to salicylate
poisoning.
(2) Codeine and morphine (in some couigh mixtures) - may cause drowsiness (sleep feeling).
(3) Overdose or abuse use of drugs will be very dangerous:
(i) It may lead to addiction (may be physical dependence and/or psychological
dependence.
[Note: (a) Physical dependence means the drug user feels pain or sickness when use of drug
is stopped.
(b) Psychological dependence means the drug user feels mentally lost without the
drug.]
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DRUGS
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(ii) There are four main types of drugs that are commonly abused:
Type
Example
(1) Analgestics
(i) narcotic
Morphine
(ii) non-narcotic
Aspirin
(2) Hallucinogens
Canabis and LSD
(3) Stimulants
Caffaine, Amphetamine and Cocaine
(4) Depressants
Heroin, Codeine and Morphine
VI. Smoking and Burning Cigarettes (Tobacco)
(1) A person smoking tobacco (cigarettes) may be regarded taking a drug as tobacco contains
many drugs, the main one is nicotine. Indeed in burning cigarettes, it releases particulates,
carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and tar besides nicotine.
(2) Adverse effects of smoking tobacco
(i) It is harmful to the respiratory system.
(ii) Nicotine is addictive.
(iii) Some chemicals in cigarette smoke are suspected carcinogens.
(iv) Tar is harmful to the lung.
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