Download ANATOMY 1. Muscle contraction is initiated by binding of calcium

ANATOMY
1. Muscle contraction is initiated by binding of calcium ions to:
A. Troponin
B. Tropomyosin
C. Myosin
D. Actin
2. Infection of the face can spread to the cavernous sinus via the:
A. retromandibular vein
B. superior ophthalmic vein
C. jugular vein
D. ophthalmic artery
3. The internal or deep inguinal ring is an opening in the:
A. external oblique aponeurosis
B. posterior rectus sheath
C. transversalis fascia
D. conjoint tendon
4. At the posterior surface of the anterior abdominal wall, the median umbilical fold covers the
A. umbilical artery
B. inferior epigastric artery
C. remnant of the urachus
D. ligamentum teres hepatis
5. The PALS of the spleen are arranged around what structure?
A. Cords of Bilroth
B. central arteries
C. penicillar arterioles
D. splenic arteries
6. During thyroid operations, inadvertently severing which of these nerves causes inability of the vocal cord to
abduct?
A. inferior laryngeal nerve
B. pharyngeal plexus
C. internal laryngeal nerve
D. superior laryngeal nerve
7. The pudendal canal is formed within which muscle?
A. obturator externus
B. obturator internus
C. coccygeus
D. piriformis
8. When both ejaculatory ducts are completely obstructed, the following abnormalities are expected on
seminalysis EXCEPT:
A. aspermia
B. absence of fructose
C. liquefaction
D. decreased volume
Questions 9-11. A 5 year-old male was brought to a hospital because of pain and swelling of the right arm. On
examination, the patient’s right arm was very edematous, with a noticeable hematoma on its posterior aspect.
The wrist joint immediately assumed a flexed position that the patient was unable to correct. Extension and
supination of the forearm was weakened but not abolished. Skin sensation over the lateral side of the dorsum
of the hand was diminished.
9. The injured nerve, resulting in inability to extend the wrist arises from what cord of the brachial plexus?
A. lateral
B. posterior
C. medial
D. none of the above
10. What blood vessel was most likely torn concomitant with the injured nerve resulting in a hematoma in the
posterior part of the right arm?
A. Brachial artery
B. median cubital vein
C. ulnar artery
D. deep brachial artery
11. What bone was fractured in the right arm?
A. median epicondyle of the humerus
B. surgical neck of the humerus
C. distal 3rd of the humerus
D. midshaft of the humerus
12. Which of the following is the predominant cell in PUS?
A. Neutrophil
B. Basophil
C. Macrophage
D. Eosinophil
13. Raises the floor of the mouth during swallowing and pushes food posteriorly towards the pharynx:
A. digastric
B. mylohyoid
C. stylohyoid
D. geniohyoid
14. Which of the following statement is incorrect with regard to the root of the right lung?
A. the right phrenic nerve descends anterior to the right root
B. the right pulmonary artery lies superior to the principal bronchus of the lung root
C. the right vagus nerve descends posterior to the lung root
D. the azygos vein passes forward and below the inferior margin of the lung root.
15. The nerves included in the below-the-knee amputation of the leg for diabetic gangrene are all of the
following EXCEPT:
A. sciatic
B. tibial
C. saphenous
D. superficial peroneal
16. Which structure does not increase the small intestine’s absorptive surface area?
A. villi
B. rugae
C. microvilli
D. plica circularis
17. A puncture wound within the supraclavicular fossa would result in bleeding the would most likely be
coming from the:
A. internal jugular vein
B. subclavian artery
C. internal carotid artery
D. occipital artery
18. Which of the following has the most influence in blood pressure changes?
A. aorta
B. arterioles
C. capillaries
D. venules
19. Which of the following describes the left atrium?
A. It forms the right border of the heart
B. The entire interior wall has muscular ridges
C. The walls of the left atrium is thicker than that of the right atrium
D. The internal wall consists of a smooth sinus venarum and a rough musculi pectinati
20. A massive infarction of the heart involving the septum, apex, ventricle (left) is likely due to obstruction of
the:
A. right coronary artery
B. left anterior descending artery
C. circumflex artery
D. right interventricular artery
Questions 21-22. A 70 year-old former politician developed cough, fever, and difficulty of breathing for the
past two weeks. He was brought to a tertiary hospital for evaluation.
21. On lateral view of the chest x-ray, the film showed a fibronodular mass directly below the horizontal
fissure. Where is the tumor located?
A. inferior lobe of the left lung
B. inferior lobe of the right lung
C. middle lobe of the right lung
D. middle lobe of the left lung
22. You also noted pleural effusion (fluid in the pleural space) and you wanted to sample and evaluate pleural
fluid. At the paravertebral line, the bottom of the lung and the bottom of the pleura is located at:
A. 4th and 6th rib, respectively
B. 6th and 8th rib, respectively
C. 8th and 10th rib, respectively
D. 12th rib and iliac spine, respectively
23. A medical student with cough and colds complained of weakness of the left face, left hearing loss, and
imbalance after taking the head and neck module examination. He started to think that the most likely involved
structure are contained in:
A. stylomastoid foramen
B. jugular foramen
C. internal acoustic meatus
D. foramen ovale
24. In Beijing Olympics, a 20 year-old Filipino Tae Kwon Do black belter was hit with a round house kick at
the right side of her head. Within an hour, she developed a dough-like swelling over the right temporal region.
She complained of nausea and vomiting. She was rushed to the hospital unconscious. A lateral radiograph of
the skull showed a fracture line running downward and forward across the anterior inferior angle of the right
parietal bone. What was responsible for the swelling over the right temporal region?
A. superficial bruising of the skin
B. hemorrhage from a blood vessel in the temporalis muscle
C. rupture of the right middle meningeal vessels
D. edema of the skin
25. The nerve that predominantly innervates the thenar intrinsic muscled is protected by this structure:
A. carpal tunnel
B. Alcock’s canal
C. Hunter’s canal
D. Guyon’s canal
26. Hypoesthesia of the index and middle fingers and weakness of the abductor pollicis brevis were noted on
further examination. The most probable structure involved is the:
A. median nerve
B. ulnar nerve
C. musculoskeletal nerve
D. radial nerve
27. Infection from the ethmoidal air cells may spread via the orbit via the
A. cribriform plate
B. infundibulum
C. maxillary bone
D. lamina papyracea
28. The trapezius is enclosed in the
A. superficial cervical fascia
B. investing layer of the cervical fascia
C. pretracheal layer of the cervical fascia
D. prevertebral later of the cervical fascia
29. The root of the mesentery is directed obliquely from the L2 vertebra to the right sacroiliac joint crossing
across the following structures EXCEPT:
A. inferior vena cava
B. psoas major
C. thoracic aorta
D. right ureter
30. Which of the following is not found in the Graafian follicle?
A. corona radiata
B. granulosa layer
C. theca interna
D. right ureter
31. Rete testis are found in the connective tissue of:
A. mediastinum testis
B. septula testis
C. lobuli testis
D. tunica albuginea
32. The following statements concerning the blood supply to the brain are correct EXCEPT:
A. the brain is supplied by the two internal carotid artieries and the paired vertebral arteries
B. the four arteries lie within the subdural space
C. there are no anastomoses between the branches of the cerebral arteries once they have entered the
substance of the brain
D. the cerebral arteries anastomose on the surface of the brain
33. A PA Chest x-ray showed an enlarged heart shadow. The left heart border was particularly prominent.
Which does not form part of the left heart border?
A. Aorta
B. left atrial appendage
C. subclavian artery
D. pulmonary conus
34. A patient with an isolated oculomotor nerve paralysis would present with the following findings on the
affected side:
A. dilated pupils
B. eye deviated medially
C. weakness of eyelid closure
D. intact accommodation of lens
35. A high velocity bullet penetrates the posterior aspect of the shoulder and severely injures the origin of the
posterior cord of the brachial plexus. Each of the following nerves might possibly be affected EXCEPT the:
A. upper subscapular
B. radial
C. thoracodorsal
D. medial pectoral
36. The primary hip flexor is the:
A. Sartorius
B. rectus femoris
C. iliopsoas
D. pectineus
37. This structure is highly vulnerable in surgical manipulation of the ductus arteriosus:
A. Esophagus
B. left bronchus
C. left vagus nerve
D. left recurrent laryngeal nerve
38. The following anatomic features if the pancreas are true EXCEPT:
A. It is located on the transpyloric plane
B. the Islets of Langerhan are all found in the head of the organ
C. the right half lies across the vertebral bodies of L1 to L3
D. It has both endocrine and endocrine functions
39. This structure is highly vulnerable in cancerous growth in the right pulmonary hilum and posterior
mediastinum:
A. trachea
B. superior intercostal veins
C. vagus nerve
D. pulmonary ligament
40. Loss of extension of the knee would result from damage to the:
A. femoral nerve
B. tibial nerve
C. tibial and common fibular nerve
D. obturator nerve
41. The most common site of amoebic colitis is the cecum. To reach the liver and cause amoebic abscess via
the portal vein, the organism must pass first through the:
A. ileocolic vein
B. right colic vein
C. middle colic vein
D. left colic vein
42. Pseudostratified columnar epitherlium is found in the following EXCEPT:
A. vas deferens
B. trachea
C. epididymis
D.collecting duct of the kidney
43. The roof of the adductor canal is formed by the:
A. rectus femoris
B. vastus medialis
C. adductor longus
D. Sartorius
44. Thoracic organs which lie very close to the esophagus makes impressions which narrows the esophageal
lumen. These are clinically significant sites of foreign body obstruction or injury from caustic chemicals.
These are the following EXCEPT:
A. Crossing of the left main bronchus
B. entry to the aortic hiatus
C. esophageal hiatus through the abdomen
D. arch of the aorta
45. The medial wall of the ischiorectal fossa is formed by:
A. Obturator internus
B. levator ani
C. sacrotuberous ligament
D. rectum/anal canal
46. A 35 year-old woman caught her hand in a machine at work and suffered multiple skin
lacerations on the hand. It was decided to suture the lacerations after performing a complete block of
all the nerves supplying the hand above the wrist. Which of the following nerves does NOT supply
the skin of the hand?
A. musculocutaneous
B. median nerve
C. radial nerve
D. ulnar nerve
47. Respiratory epithelium is seen in the following structures EXCEPT:
A. trachea
B. terminal bronchiole
C. secondary bronchus
D. larynx
48. The body of the lateral ventricles is found in the ________ lobe of the cerebral hemisphere
A. parietal
B. frontal
C. occipital
D. temporal
49. During a fight a man was stabbed in the thigh which transected the femoral nerve just below the
inguinal ligament. Which of the following signs and symptoms will the patient have?
A. intact knee-jerk reflex
B. skin sensation is lost over the anterior and medial thigh
C. skin sensation is lost along the medial border of the big toe
D. patient cannot flex the joint
50. In a tracheostomy performed inferior to the thyroid isthmus, which vessel or nerve could not be
injured:
A. external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve
B. thyroidea ima artery
C. inferior thyroid vein
D. jugular arch
51. If both lingual nerves are severed at the foramen ovale, there will be:
A. loss of taste from anterior 2/3 of the tongue
B. loss of control of tongue muscles
C. loss of general sensation from anterior 2/3 of the tongue
D. loss of speech
52. Placing your finger in the epiploic foramen if Winslow, the ventral and dorsal structures immediately
palpated are:
A. duodenum and quadrate lobe of the liver
B. portal vein and inferior vena cava
C. hepatoduodenal ligament and caudate lobe of the liver
D. gastroduodenal artery and common bile duct
53. The cystic artery usually originates from the _________ artery?
A. right hepatic
B. common hepatic
C. left hepatic
D. proper hepatic
54.
If the portal vein is obstructed, blood from the jejunum could return to the heart through the:
A.
Hepatic vein
B.
Splenic vein
C.
Esophageal vein
D.
Inferior mesenteric vein
55.
The cardiac vein which does not drain into the coronary sinus:
A.
Great cardiac vein
B.
Posterior cardiac vein
C.
Left marginal vein
D.
Anterior cardiac vein
56.
Regarding the bifurcation of the trachea:
A.
It is usually at about the level of T6
B.
Its position is affected by respiratory movements
C.
The left bronchus is larger than the right
D.
Foreign bodies usually find their way into the left bronchus
57.
Hesselbach’s triangle is a potential weak area of the abdomen where direct inguinal hernia may occur.
Which of the following is NOT a boundary of Hesselbach’s triangle?
A.
Pectineal ligament
B.
Inguinal ligament
C.
Rectus abdominis
D.
Inferior epigastric vessels
58.
The denticulate ligaments are tooth-like processes arising from:
A.
Pia
B.
Dura
C.
Arachnoid
D.
Ependyma
59.
Fracture of the head of the fibula often results to injury of the common peroneal nerve. Which of the
following is NOT a manifestation?
A.
Loss of sensation to the dorsum of the foot
B.
Weakness in the eversion of the foot
C.
Weakness in the inversion of the foot
D.
Foot drop
60.
Apocrine sweat glands distributed at:
A.
Face
B.
trunk
C.
Palm
D.
Axilla
61.
How many constrictions does the ureter have?
A.
4
B.
3
C.
2
D.
None
62.
To what vein does the left ovarian vein drain into?
A.
Renal
B.
IVC
C.
Portal
D.
Iliac vein
63.
Which is a characteristic of the proximal convoluted tubule?
A.
Lining epithelium is simple cuboidal
B.
Smaller cell size
C.
Larger lumen
D.
Less acidophilic staining
64.
Which of the following structures is related only to the posterior surface of the left kidney?
A.
Projection of 11th rib
B.
Costodiaphragmatic recess of the pleura
C.
Ilioinguinal nerve
D.
Quadratus lumborum muscle
65.
These structures produce a dimpling of the skin of the breast when they are invaded by cancer
A.
Retromammary ligaments
B.
Cooper’s ligaments
C.
Fibrous tissue
D.
Lactiferous ducts
66.
Which of the following statements best describes the tongue papillae
A.
The predominant papillae are the vallate
B.
Circumvallate papillae are located posterior to the sulcus terminalis
C.
All tongue papillae contain taste buds
D.
The raspiness of the tongue is due to the filiform papillae
67.
A 3 year old boy with abscess of the scalp developed seizures. He was diagnosed to have meningitis.
The bridge or vein crossed by bacteria from the loose connective tissue of the scalp to the meninges is:
A.
Retromandibular
B.
External jugular
C.
Emissary
D.
Superficial temporal
68.
Which of the following statements is true about the ileum?
A.
Plicae circulares are absent in the terminal portion
B.
The mesenteric vessels from 1 or 2 arcades
C.
The mesenteric fat is scanty near the wall
D.
It lies in the lower part of the lesser sac
69.
The medical technologist collects blood from the antecubital fossa. The most common vein for blood
collection is the:
A.
BAsilic vein
B.
Cephalic vein
C.
Median antecubital vein
D.
Lateral antecubital vein
70.
A man suffered from a gunshot wound. The bullet entered anteriorly at the angle of Louis. If the bullet
went straight backward, which vertebrae would most likely be hit?
A.
C6 – C 73
B
T4 – T5
C.
T9 – T10
D.
T12 – L1
71.
A patient was diagnosed to have thrombotic occlusion of superior mesenteric artery. If significant
collateral circulation fails to develop, which of the following segments of the intestine will NOT become
gangrenous?
A.
Appendix
B.
Ascending colon
C.
Transverse colon
D.
Descending colon
72.
A woman complained of bleeding after coitus. Your examination disclosed bleeding from lacerated
hymen. What artery supplies this structure?
A.
Cervico vaginal branch of the uterine artery
B.
Inferior vesical artery
C.
Internal pudendal artery
D.
Obturator artery
73.
In a woman undergoing radical pelvic hysterectomy, the surgeon observed uncontrollable bleeding
form the pelvic floor dissection. One option to prevent hemorrhage is ligation of what artery?
A.
External iliac
B.
Obturator
C.
Internal iliac
D.
Common iliac
74.
After feasting with grilled milkfish, a 30 year old female felt pricking pain in her throat. She consulted
at the ER where direct laryngoscopy was done. A fish bone if present will most likely be seen in what area?
A.
Epiglottis
B.
Piriform sinus
C.
Ventricular folds
D.
Vocal fords
75.
A 28 year old male was stabbed on his right eye, just below the eyebrow. X-ray revealed fracture of
the superior orbital fissure. What nerve will be spared by the injury?
A.
Optic
B.
Oculomotor
C.
Trochlear
D.
Trigeminal
76.
Lateral wall of middle ear:
A.
Tympanic membrane
B.
Tegmen tympani
C.
Jugular wall
D.
Carotid wall
77.
Following tonsillectomy, a patient noted loss of general sensation and taste from the posterior one
third of the tongu. It could be assumed that the injured nerve was a branch of the
A.
Glossopharyngeal nerve
B.
Facial nerve
C.
Lingual nerve
D.
Hypoglossal nerve
78.
Cranail bone forming part of the middle cranial fossa:
A.
Ethmoid
B.
Frontal
C.
Occipital
D.
Sphenoid
79.
The vagus nerves course through the thoracic cavity and enters the abdominal cavity through the:
A.
Aortic opening of the diaphragm
B.
Esophageal opening of the diaphragm
C.
Muscle fibers of the diaphragm
D.
Vena cave opening of the diaphragm
80.
The following venous anastomoses are important in uniting the portal to the systemic venous systems
should the portal vein become blocked EXCEPT
A.
Esophageal branches of the left gastric vein and esophageal branches of the azygos veins
B.
PAraumbilical veins with veins in abdominal wall
C.
Superior rectal and inferior rectal veins
D.
Middle rectal and inferior rectal vein
81.
Ligament of the liver derived from embryonic blood vessel:
A.
Coronary ligament
B.
Ligamentum teres
C.
Triangular ligament
D.
Falciform ligament
82.
A bank executive developed Bell’s palsy. He came back to the hospital because he developed corneal
ulceration. This complaint is due to
A.
Lack of secretion of the lacrimal glands
B.
Absence of corneal blink reflex due to paralysis of the muscles that close the eyelid
C.
Constriction of the pupil due to paralysis of the dilatory pupillae
D.
Sensory loss of the cornea and conjunctiva
83.
Pressure of a herniating uncus on this nerve just before it enters the cavernous sinus will result to the
following clinical picture EXCEPT
A.
Dilated pupils
B.
Ptosis with eye turned down and out
C.
Eyes remain open
D.
Pupillary reflex on the right side of the lesion will be lost
84.
The only cranial nerve that emerges dorsally from the brainstem:
A.
Optic
B.
Oculomotor
C.
Ttrochlear
D.
Facial
85.
A stab wound on the neck within injuries the spinal root of CN XI results to the following signs and
symptoms EXCEPT:
A.
Weakness in turning head to the opposite side
B.
C.
D.
E.
Drooping of the shoulder
Inability to elevate the shoulder
Weakness and atrophy of the trapezius
Loss of pain sensation on the shoulder and upper chest
86.
The anterior intercostals spaces are supplied by anterior intercostals arteries which arise from:
A.
Posterior intercostals artery
B.
Superior epigastric artery
C.
Thoracic aorta
D.
Internal mammary artery
87.
This structure can be found both in the superior and posterior compartments of the mediastinum:
A.
Thoracic duct
B.
Heart
C.
Superior vena cava
D.
Arch of aorta
E.
Trachea
88.
In oogenesis, which of the following cells can remain dormant for 12-40 years?
A.
Primordial germ cells
B.
Primary oocyte
C.
Secondary oocyte
D.
First polar body
89.
A blow to the back of the head with consequent injury to the dorsal ramus of C1 will paralyze the
following muscles EXCEPT
A.
Obliquus capitis inferior
B.
Rectus capitis inferior
C.
Semispinalis capitis
D.
Obliquus capitis superior
90.
Muscle of face that pierced by the parotid duct:
A.
Masseter
B.
Orbicularis oris
C.
Risorius
D.
Buccinator
91.
The anterior division of the mandible nerve supplies motor nerves to the following muscles EXCEPT:
A.
Temporalis
B.
Medial pterygoid
C.
Masseter
D.
Mylohyoid
92.
Paranasal sinus that communicates with the nasal cavity through its opening in the superior meatus:
A.
Posterior ethmoidal
B.
Frontal
C.
Anterior ethmoidal
D.
Sphenoid
93.
Formation of the anterior rectus sheath above the symphysis pubis is derived from:
A.
External oblique aponeurosis
B.
Internal oblique aponeurosis
C.
Transversus abdominis aponeurosis
D.
B and C only
E.
All of the above
94.
Which of these factors does NOT promote emptying of the rectum?
A.
An acute angulation of the anorectal angle
B.
Relaxation of the puborectalis pull
C.
Inhibition of the internal and external sphincters
D.
Increased intrarectal pressure
95.
Articulations of the lumbosacral joint EXCEPT:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Between the bodies of L5 and S1
Between the articular surfaces of the sacrum and ilium
Between the articular process of L5 and S1
L5 attached to the ilium through the iliolumbar ligament
96.
The prostate is divided into several lobes by which of the following
A.
Prostatic urethra and ductus deferens
B.
Prostatic urethra and seminal vesicular duct
C.
Prostatic urethra and ejaculatory duct
D.
Membranous urethra and ejaculatory duct
97.
The prepuce of the clitorius is derives from the
A.
Labia majora
B.
Vestibule
C.
Labia minora
D.
Mons pubis
98.
Traversed by the urethra in males
A.
Bulb of the urethra
B.
Glans
C.
Corpus spongiosum
D.
All of the above
E.
B and C only
99.
In an automobile accident, a patient fractured the neck of her right radius and damaged a closely
relative nerve. On examination of the patient exhibited of the following EXCEPT:
A.
Weakness in extending the terminal phalanx of the thumb
B.
A loss of skin sensation on the lateral part of the dorsum of the hand
C.
An inability to extend the metacarpophalangeal joint of the index finger
D.
Normal skin sensation down the medial border of the hand
100.
The _____________ is a “mirror” of the ovarian cycle
A.
Uterine endometrium
B.
Uterine myometrium
C.
Mammary gland
D.
Vaginal mucosa