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Origin and Formation of the Universe Notes
Integrated Science 2
Name:
Period:
I. Formation of the Universe
A. The Big Bang Theory – The theory that the universe began as a ________________ (singularity) and
has been ______________________________________________.

The universe was originally made entirely of _________________, and was very small

Something happened to cause the energy to expand – the “___________________”

As the energy expanded in all directions, it began to _____________ and ____________ into the
simplest forms of matter (protons, electrons)

Remember Einstein’s famous equation? _____________________

______________ (E) can be converted into _______________ (M)

All of the matter in the universe now was once a _____________________________________!
II. Evidence for Big Bang
A. Background Radiation
1. In _______________, scientists discovered ________________ interfering with radio antennae,
causing ______________________________________.
2. That radiation is called _______________________________________ and is thought to be
radiation from the ________________________.
3. This radiation can be detected by common ________________ and __________________
antennae. (ex: ______________ on old televisions is made up of a small percent of radiation
from the big bang)
B. Red Shift
1. Astronomers observed the “ ____________________” of light throughout the universe.
2. This redness is the result of light being ______________________ as objects in the universe move
_____________ from each other (the result of the big bang).

What is the Doppler effect?
-- Doppler Effect is the change in frequency of a wave (such as a ________
wave) when it is observed relative to a moving ___________ (like a car)
--Light waves can also experience Doppler Effect when the source of the
light (such as a ________) is moving
--Astronomers observed that light from distant stars has been shifted towards the red end of the light
spectrum.
--This phenomenon is called ____________________________
--The farther away a star is, the more its light is shifted towards the red end of the spectrum,
demonstrating that the universe is expanding….
* Label the four sources of light in the diagram to the right.
III. Previous Theory on the Formation of the Universe
The Steady State Theory – The belief that the universe
___________________________________________________ but more matter is added to the universe
as it ___________________________.
1. Popular during the _____________ and _____________.
2. The universe had _______________________________ and has _________________.