Download Genetic Engineering ​ Guied Notes

Genetic Engineering
What is genetic engineering?
-How important is the creation of new
medicines to combat illnesses (Ex. Insulin
to help individuals stricken with diabetes.)
or do you believe messing with
biotechnology is helping organisms not
deemed fit by nature to survive?
 I believe that it is more important to
create new technology to try and keep
people alive. Doing this can make more
cures for all of the diseases out there. I
think that it would be a bad idea to not
experiment with biotechnology.
List and describe some uses of genetic
engineering.
Genetic Engineering = cutting DNA from 1 organism into
small fragments and inserting the fragments into a host organism
of the same or different species (also called ___recombinant
DNA technology_____ _or biogenetics____
Uses of Genetic Engineering:
1. Making transgenic organisms – an organism that contains
__DNA from another species______________
EX. If I put DNA from a _zebra into a kangaroo___
REAL LIFE USES for transgenic organisms:
- medicine (producing human growth hormones____)
- crops (making crops that are insect resistant_______)
- foods (making better tasting or more meaty foods)
- crops (making canola that produces _high yield__ oil to
make canola oil)
- altered bacteria that clean sewage (in septic tanks and
sewage treatment plants)
- altered E. coli bacteria to make the expensive _indigo
dye___
- working on bacteria that can turn wood chips into paper
- vaccines
HOW DO YOU MAKE A TRANSGENIC ORGANISM?
1. Isolate the foreign DNA by using __Restriction
Enzymes__ that cleave (cut) the donor DNA at very
specific places
2. Vectors transfer the donor DNA into the host
a. mechanical vectors = _carry DNA into a cell,
micropipette or metal bullet________
b. biological vectors = virus or bacterial plasmid
(_small rings of DNA______)
3. If host and foreign DNA have been cleaved by the
same restriction enzyme, the ends can _ join_
together.
4. Gene cloning occurs- this cell continues to divide by
__mitosis___ and __meiosis_____ this new foreign
DNA (gene) as if it were its own
2. Cloning- make an __genetically identical copy of an
organism______________________
-
most famous example is the sheep Dolly in 1997
hope to use to create more and better cows for _higher
food yields_______
Summary
3. Sequencing DNA by gel electrophoresis- separates DNA
by __size__________
USES for GEL ELECTROPHORESIS and DNA
SEQUENCING
- DNA fingerprinting to determine __a criminal from a
crime scene or the parent in a paternity test______
- Analyze fossil DNA and compare extinct species with
living species
Human Genome Project- an international effort to sequence the
35,000 -40,000 genes on the _46__ human chromosomes
- began in 1990, completed in 2003
BENEFITS:
- ___Diagnosis______ for diseases (ex. Test the cells from
the fluid around fetus to see if baby has a genetic
disorder)
- better drugs
- gene therapy = __insertion of normal genes into people
who have diseases to correct it___________
- DNA fingerprinting (except for___identical
twins_______, no 2 people have the same DNA
sequence)
Summary
ETHICS: How far is too far? What is morally ok, what is
morally wrong??!! (write your answer here)
- I believe that in some cases it may be okay to make new
medicines and to try out different things like that. It is
important that we have medicines and treatments that
help patients or people to survive. If we were destroying
the earth and using a lot of trees then I think that could be
taking it too far. If we are killing animals or using them
as test dummies that could also