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Download Fall of the Roman Republic
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Fall of the Roman Republic 1) Post Punic War Roman Republic a) Divisions of the People Patricians & Patrician class Equestrians City Population Plebeian class Country Farmers Plebeian class Subjects, in Italy NONE Subjects, outside Italy NONE Slaves NONE b) Problems with system i) Great mass of people were . . . ii) Voting could only take place in city of Rome => iii) Decay of patriotism (1) Aristocratic classes were … (2) Used state power… 2) Attempts to reform Republic a) Gracchus Brothers i) Tiberius & Gaius Gracchus, each elected tribune (T in 133 BC, G 122 BC) (a) Attempted ______________ _____________________ & extend _____________________ to all of Italy (2) Reaction of Patricians? ii) Lesson from the Gracchus brothers? (1) Violence became . . . (a) Respect for law _________________________ (2) Civil War (87-82 BC) between… (3) Potential political power of Plebeians remained …. (a) Popularity = ___________________= _________________________________________ 3) Julius Caesar a) Very astute politician i) Patrician, but realized . . . ii) Fantastic ________ and brilliant general b) Realized that to take over Republic, one needed three things i) Money => ii) Popularity with masses => iii) Army => c) Persuaded ___________________________, the richest man in Rome, and ______________________, Rome’s most successful general, to join him in taking over the Republic; called the _______________ _________________________________ i) What did each man get? (1) Pompey => (2) Crassus => (3) Casesar => ii) Caesar believed that the way to political power was through military success (1) Army gave general military power base => (2) Army gave general wealth => (3) Successful army gave general… 4) Julius Caesar’s Gallic Campaigns (58 -51 BC) a) Caesar needed to . . . b) Caesar’s goal was ____________________, not military power i) Needed to conquer somewhere … ii) Appearance of threat to Rome => c) Chose to attack Gaul (France) i) Caesar and his army conquered … ii) Invaded ____________________ twice d) What happened in the conquered territories? i) Caesar allowed . . . ii) Gauls saw advantages of adopting Roman … iii) Romanization => iv) Settlers / colonists followed . . . e) Meanwhile, Caesar aggressively sold his success to… 5) End of First Triumverate and Caesar’s Return to Rome a) What was the First Triumverate members doing? i) Caesar … ii) Pompey … iii) Crassus … b) Pompey got Senate to declare Caesar an “________________________ of the state” i) Demanded he give up his ____________________________ and demanded he return to Rome for trial => ii) Why? => c) 49 BC: Caesar decides to “cross the Rubicon” i) Traditionally, armies not allowed in Italy => ii) Rubicon River = _______________________ of Italy d) Thus, “crossing the Rubicon” meant someone committing… e) Result = ___________ ___________!! 6) Overthrowing the Republic a) Pompey vs. Caesar => b) Caesar’s Dictatorship i) Very swift campaign vs. Parthians, to avenge ____________________ ii) “Veni, vidi, veci” => c) 46 BC - Returned to Rome i) Senate appointed him . . . ii) Elevated Caesar above . . . iii) 44 BC – appointed ___________________________ for life d) Caesar’s instituted reforms aimed at… i) Many patrician Romans ________________ and resented Caesar’s assumption of power ii) March 15, 44 BC (Ides of March) (1) Group of senators … (2) “Et tu Brute?” =>
