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Objective Summary for Respiratory System and Review Questions for the Test
Objective 3.6: Relate major tissues and organs of the respiratory system to their functions.
Important vocabulary: nose, pharynx, larynx, epiglottis, trachea, bronchus (bronchi, plural), bronchiole, alveoli,
diaphragm, and lungs
Summary:
Respiration is a process by which a body gets and uses oxygen and releases carbon dioxide and water. Respiration
is divided into two parts. The first part is breathing and the second part is cellular respiration. Be able to identify
pictures of the parts of the respiratory system.
The respiratory system is a group of organs that take in oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide. The diaphragm muscle
contracts and pulls down allowing air to enter the nose. Air passes through the pharynx, or throat, and then passes
through the larynx (voice box). The epiglottis closes to seal off the trachea. From here air enters the trachea
(windpipe) and travels to the bronchus. The bronchus branches into two bronchi that enter each lung. As the bronchi
pass into the lungs, they branch into smaller tubes called bronchioles. The bronchioles end with tiny air sacs called
alveoli. The alveoli are surrounded by capillaries where gas exchange takes place. When the diaphragm releases
and moves upward, air is exhaled from the lungs.
Review Questions:
1. What is another name for the windpipe? Voice box? Throat?
2. What are the functions of the respiratory system?
3. What is the diaphragm?
4. What is the epiglottis?
5. What are cilia and where are they located?
6. What occurs in the alveoli?
7. What substance/chemical is removed from the blood in the respiratory system?
8. What substance/chemical is added to the blood in the respiratory system?
9. What type of blood vessel surrounds the alveoli?
10. What is the role of the respiratory system??
11. What happens to the diaphragm when we exhale and inhale?
12. What is the name of the small tubes that branch off from the bronchi?
13. What substances are required for cellular respiration to occur?
14. What substances are produced from cellular respiration?
15. What is cellular respiration?
16. What is breathing?
17. What allows alveoli to absorb so much oxygen?