Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Digestion Systems Worksheet 1. What are the four main stages of food processing? Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption, Elimination 2. In digestion, macromolecules are _______broken down into their smallest subunits__. 3. Polysaccharides are digested into ___monosaccharides______________. 4. Fats are digested to _____glycerol and fatty acids________________. 5. Proteins are digested to ____amino acids_________. 6. Nucleic acids are digested to __nucleotides_______. 7. The enzymatic process for digestion is termed _hydrolysis_______. 8. There is a mechanical component to digestion. Why is it preferable to break food items into smaller pieces? to increase the surface area upon which enzymes can act 11.What is Extracellular Digestion? digestion of macromolecules that takes place outside of the cells 13. Name the main segments of the human digestive tract. oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine Oral Cavity 15. What enzyme is released into the oral cavity? salivary amylase 16. What is the substrate for this enzyme? Polysaccharides 17. What are the main products from the action of this enzyme? shorter polysaccharides and dissacharides Esophagus 18. What is the function of the Esophagus? transport of food from the oral cavity to the stomach 19. What type of muscle contraction moves the food through the Esophagus? Peristalsis Stomach 20. What are the functions of the Stomach? storage of food, mechanical and enzymatic digestion of food 21. What substances are present in Gastric Juice? HCl, pepsinogen and pepsin, and mucus 22. What are the functions of the acid in Gastric Juice? to kill bacteria that comes in with food and to activate pepsin 23. What is Pepsin? a protein breakdown enzyme that produces small peptides, not free amino acids 24. What is the substrate for Pepsin and what are the products of its action? substrate = proteins products = smaller peptides 25. Why doesn’t Pepsin destroy the cells of the stomach? cells of the stomach are protected by mucus 26. What is the Pyloric Sphincter and what does it do? it forms the end of the stomach and helps with mixing of the food Small Intestine 27. The first part of the small intestine, the duodenum, receives secretions via ducts from two other glands/organs. Name these structures. liver and pancreas 28. What substances come from the Pancreas? enzymes (know them) and bicarbonate ions 29. What substances come from the Liver? bile salts 30. What enzymes are involved in the digestion of carbohydrates? pancreatic amylase (from pancreas) and disaccharidases (on microvilli of small intestine) 31. What enzymes are involved in the digestion of proteins? Trypsin and Chymotrypsin (proteases) from the pancreas 32. What enzyme is involved in the digestion of fats? pancreatic lipase 33. What is emulsification and why is it important? it is the breaking apart of large lipid droplets into smaller lipid droplets, increases surface area 34. What structures increase surface area for absorption of nutrients? circular folds, villi, and microvilli Large Intestine 37. What are the main functions of the Large Intestine? reabsorption of water and the absorption of vitamins produced by bacteria Herbivorous Animals 38. How is a horse or a rabbit able to digest cellulose from the diet? What special adaptation is there for the horse or rabbit digestive tract? an enlarged ceacum and large intestine which house bacteria and protistans that can enzymatically break down cellulose