Download Digestion Systems Worksheet

Digestion Systems Worksheet
1. What are the four main stages of food processing?
Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption, Elimination
2. In digestion, macromolecules are _______broken down into their smallest subunits__.
3. Polysaccharides are digested into ___monosaccharides______________.
4. Fats are digested to _____glycerol and fatty acids________________.
5. Proteins are digested to ____amino acids_________.
6. Nucleic acids are digested to __nucleotides_______.
7. The enzymatic process for digestion is termed _hydrolysis_______.
8. There is a mechanical component to digestion. Why is it preferable to break food items into smaller
pieces?
to increase the surface area upon which enzymes can act
11.What is Extracellular Digestion?
digestion of macromolecules that takes place outside of the cells
13. Name the main segments of the human digestive tract.
oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
Oral Cavity
15. What enzyme is released into the oral cavity?
salivary amylase
16. What is the substrate for this enzyme?
Polysaccharides
17. What are the main products from the action of this enzyme?
shorter polysaccharides and dissacharides
Esophagus
18. What is the function of the Esophagus?
transport of food from the oral cavity to the stomach
19. What type of muscle contraction moves the food through the Esophagus?
Peristalsis
Stomach
20. What are the functions of the Stomach?
storage of food, mechanical and enzymatic digestion of food
21. What substances are present in Gastric Juice?
HCl, pepsinogen and pepsin, and mucus
22. What are the functions of the acid in Gastric Juice?
to kill bacteria that comes in with food and to activate pepsin
23. What is Pepsin?
a protein breakdown enzyme that produces small peptides, not free amino acids
24. What is the substrate for Pepsin and what are the products of its action?
substrate = proteins
products = smaller peptides
25. Why doesn’t Pepsin destroy the cells of the stomach?
cells of the stomach are protected by mucus
26. What is the Pyloric Sphincter and what does it do?
it forms the end of the stomach and helps with mixing of the food
Small Intestine
27. The first part of the small intestine, the duodenum, receives secretions via ducts from two other
glands/organs. Name these structures.
liver and pancreas
28. What substances come from the Pancreas?
enzymes (know them) and bicarbonate ions
29. What substances come from the Liver?
bile salts
30. What enzymes are involved in the digestion of carbohydrates?
pancreatic amylase (from pancreas) and disaccharidases (on microvilli of small intestine)
31. What enzymes are involved in the digestion of proteins?
Trypsin and Chymotrypsin (proteases) from the pancreas
32. What enzyme is involved in the digestion of fats?
pancreatic lipase
33. What is emulsification and why is it important?
it is the breaking apart of large lipid droplets into smaller lipid droplets, increases surface area
34. What structures increase surface area for absorption of nutrients?
circular folds, villi, and microvilli
Large Intestine
37. What are the main functions of the Large Intestine?
reabsorption of water and the absorption of vitamins produced by bacteria
Herbivorous Animals
38. How is a horse or a rabbit able to digest cellulose from the diet? What special adaptation is there for
the horse or rabbit digestive tract?
an enlarged ceacum and large intestine which house bacteria and protistans that can
enzymatically break down cellulose