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Microbiology Final Quiz
Review
Topics to Review
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 Immune system
 Fungus kingdom
Practice Questions
1.
Circle (T) true or (F) false for each of the following statements. If it is false
rewrite it to make it true.
T/F
Lymphocytes are white blood cells that engulf and destroy disease-causing
microorganisms.
True
T/F
The human body has many defences against infection. The first line of
defence is an external physical barrier such as the skin.
True
T/F
A disease-causing microorganism is called a pathogen. It causes symptoms
that result from tissue destruction and from the body’s response to its
invasion.
True
T/F
Many bacteria enter the body through the nasal passage or the pharynx.
Specialized cells equipped with flagellum sweep the trapped bacteria or
debris upward which coughing expels.
False.Hair-like structures (cilia) sweep this mucus into the throat for
coughing or swallowing
T/F Macrophages are white blood cells that make antibodies. They are produced
by lymph nodes in the lymphatic system.
False. Macrophages do not make antibodies.
2.
Answer the following questions.
(a) What is the difference between passive and active immunity?
- Passive immunity – antibodies acquired from mother’s milk
Microbiology Final Quiz
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- Active – you produce them (either from a vaccine or an illness)
(b) What is the difference between an antigen and an antibody?
An antigen is a foreign molecule that, when introduced into the body,
triggers the production of an antibodies..
An antibody is a large protein produced by B-cells that is used by the
immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects such as bacteria
and viruses.
3.
Infectious diseases spread from one individual to another in a variety of way.
List three (3) modes of disease transmission.
-
Air
Sexually transmitted (body fluids)
Water
Break in the skin
fecal - oral
4. What ecological role do fungi play?
Fungi perform an essential role in the decomposition of organic matter and
have fundamental roles in nutrient cycling and exchange. They have long
been used as a direct source of food, such as mushrooms and truffles, as a
leavening agent for bread, and in fermentation of various food products,
such as wine, beer, and soy sauce.
5. List 6 features of fungi that originally placed them in the plant kingdom.
Cell wall, eukaryotic, anchored in soil, stationary, sexual reproduction, numerous
organelles
6. Draw and label a diagram of a fungus and explain why the mycelium of a
fungus may be present but unnoticed.
Microbiology Final Quiz
Review
Mycelium may grow underground
and go unnoticed.
7. Summarize the uses of yeast. Refer to the unit opener on page 93 of the
textbook.
Used for production of bread, wine and cheese.
8. In a mould growth experiment, bread cubes were moistened with water at
three different pH levels. Temperature was kept constant. The number of
colonies was counted and recorded daily during a one week period. Bread
mould is Rhizopus.
Day
Start
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
pH 4.0
0
0
1
2
2
2
3
3
Number of Mould Colonies
pH 5.5
0
8
14
24
32
40
48
48
pH 7.0
0
1
2
3
3
3
4
4
a) Arrange the data in a line graph. Plot days of growth on the x-axis and
number of mould colonies on the y-axis. Draw three separate lines for each
of the pH values.
Microbiology Final Quiz
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60
Number of colonies
50
40
Series1
Series2
Series3
Linear (Series1)
Linear (Series2)
Linear (Series1)
30
20
10
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Days
b) According to the data, what pH is optimum for bread mould growth?
pH 5.5
c) Temperature was controlled in this experiment. Name three other factors that
also need to be kept constant in order for the above conclusion to be valid.
- amount of bread, number of days, amount of water added
pH 5.5
d) Bread mould is a saprophyte. What evidence suggests that bread is a
suitable food for this organism?
- mold grew
pH 4.5
pH 7.0
e) What environmental conditions would you recommend to prevent mould
growth on foods?
Microbiology Final Quiz
Review
- keep food cold and at neutral or acidic pH levels