Download Hinsdale Astro TEST

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Astronomy
Hinsdale South Invitational
December 2015
Part I: Identification (1 pt each)
Image A
1. Identify the star system indicated by the red arrow.
2. What is the name/designation given to the star’s closest planet?
Image B
3. What is the name of the planet that was discovered second around the star circled in red?
4. What was the method of discovery for this planet?
Image C
5. Give the proper name of the deep sky object shown in the object.
6. What will happen to this object over the next 200,000 years?
Image D
7. Give the proper name of the deep sky object shown in the object.
8. What is the name of the four stars that fluoresce and help shape the object in the image?
Image E
9. Give the proper name of the star at the center of this image.
10. What is the name of the nebula to the right of this star?
Image F
11. Give the proper name of the object in the image of above.
12. What will become of the disks found around the object?
Image G
13. Give the proper name of the object in the image.
14. Is this a young star or an old star?
Image H
15. Give the proper name of this substellar brown dwarf.
16. What type of radiation does this type of object mainly emit?
Part II: Star and Planet Formation (1 pt each)
There is only one answer per question. You must write the letter on your answer sheet!
17. What is the likely reason that we cannot find any examples of the first generation stars?
a. The first generation stars are too faint to be visible now.
b. The first generation stars formed such a long time ago that the light from them has
not yet had time to reach us.
c. The first generation stars were all very massive and exploded as supernova.
d. The first generation stars formed with only H and He and therefore have no
spectral features.
e. We do not know how the first generation stars were formed.
18. When does a protostar become a true star?
a. When the star is 1 million years old
b. When the central temperature reaches 1 million Kelvin
c. When the thermal energy becomes trapped in the center
d. When nuclear fusion begins in the core
e. When the stellar winds and jets blow away the surrounding material
19. What happens to the surface temperature and luminosity when gravity first assembles a
protostar from a collapsing cloud?
a. Its surface temperature and luminosity increase.
b. Its surface temperature remains the same and its luminosity decreases.
c. Its surface temperature and luminosity decrease.
d. Its surface temperature decreases and its luminosity increases.
e. Its surface temperature and luminosity remain the same.
20. What is the eventual fate of a brown dwarf?
a. It remains the same forever.
b. It gradually cools down and becomes every dimmer.
c. It gradually contracts and heats up until nuclear fusion ignites in its interior and it
becomes a faint star.
d. It becomes ever denser and hotter until it becomes a white dwarf.
e. Gravity ultimately “wins” and it becomes a small black hole.
21. Where
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
would a brown dwarf be located on an H-R diagram?
Upper right
On the lower part of the main sequence
Below and to the right of the lowest part of the main sequence
Lower left
Above and to the left of the main sequence
22. Which of the following methods has led to the most discoveries of massive planets orbiting
near their parent star?
a. Detecting the starlight reflected off the planet
b. Detecting the infrared light emitted by the planet
c. Detecting a planet ejected from a binary star system
d. Detecting the shift of the star’s position against the sky due to the planet’s
gravitational pull
e. Detecting the gravitational effect of an orbiting planet by looking for the Doppler
shifts in the star’s spectrum
23. Most of the planets discovered around other stars
a. Are more massive than Earth and orbit very far from the star.
b. Are more massive than Earth and orbit very close to the star.
c. Are less massive than Earth and orbit very far from the star.
d. Are less massive Earth and orbit very close to the star.
e. Are found around neutron star.
24. What is astrometry?
a. Measuring distances to stars
b. Searching for planets around stars
c. Measuring the positions of stars on the sky
d. Measuring the velocities of stars via the Doppler effect
e. Using metric units for distance
25. The astrometric technique of planet detection works best for
a. Large planets around nearby stars.
b. Massive planets around nearby stars.
c. Large planets around distant stars.
d. Massive planets around distant stars.
e. Planets in edge-on orbits.
26. The transit method of planet detection works best for
a. Big planets in edge-on orbits around small stars.
b. Big planets in face-on orbits around small stars.
c. Small planets in edge-on orbits around big stars.
d. Small planets in face-on orbits around big stars.
e. Earth-like planets in any orbit.
27. The Doppler technique only provides a measure of the minimum mass of a planet because
a. Only a small part of the planet’s motions is measured.
b. Without a transit observation, the size and therefore density of the planet is
unknown.
c. We do not know the exact composition of the planet.
d. Only the motion of the star toward the observer is measured, not the full motion.
e. We do not have the technology to make a direct image of a planet yet.
28. A planet is detected via the Doppler technique. The shape of the periodic velocity pattern
tells us
a. The planet’s size
b. The planet’s mass
c. The planet’s density.
d. The orbitial period of the planet.
e. The orbital eccentricity of the planet.
29. The depth of the dip in a star’s brightness due to the transit of a planet depends most
directly on
a. The planet’s mass.
b. The planet’s density.
c. The planet’s radius.
d. The size of the planet’s orbit.
e. The eccentricity of the planet’s orbit.
30. How was HAT-P-11b discovered?
a. Radial velocity
b. Transit Photometry
c. Astrometry
d. Direct Imaging
e. X-ray diffraction
31. How was 51 Pegasi b discovered?
a. Radial velocity
b. Transit Photometry
c. Astrometry
d. Direct Imaging
e. X-ray diffraction
32. How was HD 95086 discovered?
a. Radial velocity
b. Transit Photometry
c. Astrometry
d. Direct Imaging
e. X-ray diffraction
Part III: Calculations
You must show work for the following problems. Please show all of your work on the answer
sheet.
33. The brown dwarf WISE 0855-0714 has a parallax of 0.433 arcseconds. Calculate the
distance of this star from Earth (in light years) using the parallax method. (2 pts)
34. A star that has an absolute magnitude of 5.49 and an apparent magnitude of 4.52 is how far
from us? Express your answer in parsecs. (2pts)
35. Use the table of information below about an exoplanet to answer the following questions:
Mass
Temp
Radius
Star Properties
0.50 Ms
Exoplanet Properties
Orbital Period
150 days
3788.0 K
Transit Eclipse Time
6.21 hours
0.472 Rs
Transit Brightness Drop
0.04 %
(solar masses)
(solar radii)
a. Calculate the distance from the exoplanet to the star in astronomical units (AU). (2pts)
b. Calculate the radius of the exoplanet in terms of RE (Earth radii).
(2pts)