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Reproductive System Review 1. List 2 functions of the gonads. a. _____________________________ b. _____________________________ 2. Male gonads are called __________________, while female gonads are called ______________ Male gametes are called _________________, while female gametes area called ____________ 3. What happens in the seminiferous tubules? __________________________________________ 4. On average, how old is a male going through puberty? __________ to __________ years old On average, how old is a female going through puberty? _________ to _________ years old 5. What is the name of the sac that contains the testes? ______________________ Why must the testes be located there? _____________________________________________ 6. What is the function of the: a. epididymis – b. ductus deferens – c. seminal vesicles – d. prostate gland – e. bulbourethral glands – f. penis – g. urethra – 7. Name the 4 materials found in semen a. _________________________________ b. _________________________________ c. _________________________________ d. _________________________________ Which one of these materials makes up 60% of semen? _____________________ 8. How can an enlarged prostate gland affect a male’s health? 9. When is a male considered to be sterile? ___________________________________________ 10. What happens during ejaculation? _________________________________________________ 11. Name the 3 parts of a sperm. What function does each perform? ____________________ - ____________________________________________________ ____________________ - ____________________________________________________ ____________________ - ____________________________________________________ 12. How many eggs are found in the ovaries of a newly born female? ______________________ How many eggs are found in the ovaries of a female at the beginning of puberty? ____________ How many eggs will she ovulate over her lifetime? __________________ What happens during menopause? _____________________________________________ 13. What is an ovum? ______________________________________________ What happens during ovulation? _______________________________________________ What happens during fertilization? ______________________________________________ In what part of the female reproductive tract does fertilization occur? _____________________ 14. What is a zygote? ______________________________________ How long does it take an egg to travel down the fallopian tube? ________________________ A fertilized egg will usually implant in the uterus around day _______ after ovulation. 15. List 4 functions of the uterus a. _________________________________________ b. _________________________________________ c. _________________________________________ d. _________________________________________ 16. What is the cervix? _________________________________________________ What is a pap smear? __________________________________________________________ 17. What are the functions of the inner and outer endometrium? 18. Name the 4 phases of the menstrual cycle. On what days do they occur? What happens during each phase? a. _______________________________ - ___________ - _____________________________ b. _______________________________ - ___________ - _____________________________ c. _______________________________ - ___________ - _____________________________ d. _______________________________ - ___________ - _____________________________ 19. What happens if an egg is fertilized? What happens if an egg is not fertilized? 20. List 7 methods of birth control and tell how they prevent pregnancy. a. __________________________ - ______________________________________________ b. __________________________ - ______________________________________________ c. __________________________ - ______________________________________________ d. __________________________ - ______________________________________________ e. __________________________ - ______________________________________________ f. __________________________ - ______________________________________________ g. __________________________ - ______________________________________________ Which of these are considered to be irreversible? ___________________________________ 21. List 5 sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Name the organism that causes each. What are some of the symptoms of each? a. ____________________________ - ____________________________________________ b. ____________________________ - ____________________________________________ c. ____________________________ - ____________________________________________ d. ____________________________ - ____________________________________________ e. ____________________________ - ____________________________________________ 22. Human development takes ________months (________ days) (_______ weeks) This development time is broken down into _________________ 23. Which trimester is human development most easily disturbed? __________________ 24. Differentiate between identical and fraternal twins: identical fraternal eggs - _________________________ __________________________ sperm - _________________________ __________________________ sex - _________________________ __________________________ genetically - _________________________ __________________________ 25. Chromosomes number in gametes - _______ (_____________) 26. Chromosomes number in zygotes - _______ (_____________) 27. Mitotic division of the zygote - ___________________ Reaches the uterus in _________ days as a solid ball of cells called a _______________ 28. Fluid-filled hollow ball of cells which implants in the uterine wall - ____________________ 29. What takes place about 6 days after fertilization? ___________________ 30. The process that forms the embryonic membranes and primary tissue layers (germ layers) ______________________ 31. Name the three primary tissue layers: _______________ _______________ _______________ Which primary tissue layer gives rise to the following? a. kidneys - ____________________ e. cartilage - _____________________ b. digestive tract - _______________ f. liver - _________________________ c. lungs - ______________________ g. nerves - ______________________ d. skin - _______________________ h. cornea - ______________________ 32. New individual - 1st 8 weeks _______________________ after 8 weeks _____________________ 33. Name the membranes which surround the embryo: _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ Answer the following with one of the membranes: a. forms the placenta and has finger-like extensions - _____________________ b. forms the fluid-filled sac around the fetus - _______________________ c. forms the umbilical cord - __________________________ d. contains cells that will eventually become sperm and egg - __________________ 34. The structure through which nutrients, wastes, and gases are exchanged - _________________ 35. The process that forms the nerve cord about 3 weeks after fertilization - ____________________ 36. The process that forms the body’s organs is called _______________________ 37. ____________________ is the process the various parts of the body develop into their adult shape. 38. Hormone which causes uterine contractions - _____________________ 39. Name and describe the effects of chemicals and drugs on the developing embryo ___________________ - ________________________________________________________ ___________________ - ________________________________________________________ ___________________ - ________________________________________________________ ___________________ - ________________________________________________________ ___________________ - ________________________________________________________ ___________________ - ________________________________________________________ 40. ________________________ - child is born with an extra 21st chromosome. 41. ________________________ - occurs when a small portion of the tip of the X chromosome is susceptible to breakage. 42. ________________________ - sex-linked trait in which individuals see reds and greens as shades of gray. 43. ________________________ - sex-linked trait in which the blood fails to clot after an injury. 44. Condition caused by a defective gene that produces an abnormal form of hemoglobin __________________________ Study the diagrams of the male and female reproductive systems