Download Biology EOCT Study Guide MrsFrank

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Biology EOCT Study Guide
Answer the following questions on your own paper. Number it according the questions
on this page. Copy the tables on your own paper to complete. You will need more
room than is provided on these pages.
Scientific processes
1. In your own words, write the meaning of the following terms:
a. Hypothesis
g. Quantitative Data
b. Controlled Experiment
h. Taxonomy
c. Independent Variable
i. Systema Naturae/Linnaeus
d. Dependant Variable
j. Inference
e. Control
k. Conclusion
f. Qualitative Data
l. Binomial nomenclature
Metric measurement
Scientific system of measurement based on factors of 10;
conversions by factor of 10.
2. How many meters are in 117 centimeters?
3. How many grams are in 0.19 kilograms?
Laboratory Skills and Safety
4. In the following scenario, identify the Independent
Variable, Dependant Variable, Control,
Quantitative Data, and Qualitative Data.
Write a conclusion based on the data.
Experiment – You wish to know whether human
steroid hormones affect the growth of plants. You
take two of the same plant species, plant A and
plant B and place them in identical conditions. Plant
B receives 10ml of human steroid hormone a day
while Plant A receives none. After 10 weeks, you
measure the growth and find Plant A to have
increased in height by 5.4 cm. Plant B increased in
height by 6.3 cm. Plant A has bright green leaves.
Plant B has dull yellow leaves with brown spots.
5. Looking at the picture of the microscope, describe the
function of the following parts
a. diaphragm
c. eyepiece
b. objective lens
d. coarse adjustment knob
Nature of Biology
6. List what each division of Biology studies.
a. Botany
c. Ecology
b. Taxonomy
d. Microbiology
e. Genetics
f. Zoology
Basic Chemistry
7. Write the meaning of the following terms in your own words.
a. atom
e. inorganic compound
i. solute
b. element
f. acid
j. solvent
c. matter
g. base
k. isotope
d. organic compound
h. pH scale
l. ion
8. Neon is atom #10. How many electrons, protons and neutrons does Neon have?
9. Lemon juice has a pH value of 4. Is this acidic, neutral or basic?
10. Pure water is neutral. Its pH would be _________________.
11. Ammonia has a pH of 13. Is this acidic, neutral or basic?
12. Draw and label a molecule of DNA? Which bases are found in DNA?
What is the function?
13. Draw and label a molecule of RNA? Which bases are found in RNA?
What is the function?
14. What are the four classes of organic compounds?
15. Complete the table of macromolecules.
Carbohydrates
Lipids Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Elements
Building blocks
Function
Special characteristic
Example
16. What does a catalyst do? Give an example. How can enzyme
names be recognized?
Cell Organization
17. What are the three parts of the cell theory?
18. Fill in the diagram of triangles showing the levels of
organization from cell to organism.
19. Define the following terms in your own words.
b. organelle
j. diffusion
c. homeostasis
k. osmosis
d. hypertonic solution
l. facilitated diffusion
e. hypotonic solution
m. active transport
f. isotonic solution
n. endocytosis
g. diffusion
o. exocytosis
h. cell wall
p. mitosis
i. fluid mosaic model
20. List the 8 characteristics of all living organisms.
21. What are differences between plant cells and animal cells?
22. Complete the table about prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.
Structure
Prokaryote
Cell membrane
Cell wall
Nucleus
Chromosomes
Ribosomes
Examples
Eukaryote
23. Complete the table about the characteristics of plant and animal cells.
Structure
Plant
Animal
Cell membrane
Cell wall
Chloroplasts
Lysosome
Vacuoles
Examples
Cell Transport and Homeostasis
24. What is homeostasis?
25. What two processes help maintain homeostasis in living
organisms?
26. Describe
what is
happening
in the
diagram to
the left.
27. Describe what is happening in the diagram
to the right. Why?
28. Distinguish among the following terms.
Illustrate each situation.
a. hypotonic
b. hypertonic
c. isotonic
29. What happens when an animal cell is placed in a hypotonic solution? A plant cell?
Cell Energy
30.Compare and contrast aerobic
respiration and anaerobic respiration.
Statement
It requires oxygen.
It does not require oxygen.
It requires energy input from 2 ATP.
It can produce a net of 36 ATP.
It produces a net of 2 ATP.
It is important in baking and brewing.
It causes the pain of muscle fatigue.
Aerobic
Respiration
Type of Process
Fermentation
Lactic Acid
Alcoholic
31. Distinguish between photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
Type of organism
Location in cell
Reactants (raw materials)
Products
Steps involved
Equation
32.
Label the diagram of a chloroplast. Label the location of the light dependent and light
independent reactions.
DNA and Genetics
33. What is the central dogma of biology?
______________ makes
______________makes
______________
34. What is transcription? Where does it occur?
35. What is translation? Where does it occur?
DNA Replication
36. If the DNA sequence is AGTCCT, what would be the newly replicated sequence?
37. What enzyme is responsible for this process?
38. Where does this occur?
Transcription
39. If the DNA sequence is AGTCCT, what would be the mRNA sequence transcribed?
40. What enzyme is responsible for this process?
Translation
41. Take the mRNA sequence from above and write the tRNA anticodon sequence.
42. Which sequence is read to determine the amino acid sequence?
43. What may happen if there is a mutation in the DNA code?
44. List the stages of mitosis.
46.
Mitosis
Meiosis
45. What is the outcome of
Occurs in these cells
mitosis?
Produces these cells
46. Distinguish between mitosis
Number of chromosome sets
and meiosis.
Number of daughter cells
47. How many pairs of
Relation to parent cell
chromosomes are in human
body cells?
48. How is gender determined in humans?
49. Distinguish between DNA and RNA.
DNA
RNA
Shape
Number of strands
Nitrogen bases
Sugar
Function
50. What are the base pairs in DNA? RNA?
51. What is a mutation? What can cause a mutation?
52. Distinguish between chromosomal mutations and gene mutations. Give an example of
each.
53. Albinism is a recessive condition. If two normal parents, genotypes Aa and Aa have a
child, what is the likelihood he or she will have the recessive phenotype? Set up a punnett
square to show.
54. What are Gregor Mendel’s Three Laws relating to genetics?
55. Looking above, what is the overall outcome of Meiosis? Are the cells produced diploid or
haploid?
56. Colorblindness is a recessive sex linked trait (X chromosome). Set up a punnett square to
show the likelihood (percentage) of a colorblind female (Xc Xc) and a normal male (XC Y)
having a colorblind daughter. Colorblind son?
Viruses and Microorganisms
57. Define the following terms in your own words.
a. capsid
f. spirillus
b. bacillus
g. binary fission
c. coccus
h. cilia
d. strepto
i. pseudopods
e. staphylo
j. mycelium
58. Draw the structure of a virus
59. Why are viruses not classified as living organisms?
60. How are viruses different from cells?
61. How do viruses reproduce?
62. How are the lysogenic cycle and lytic cycle different?
Classification
63. List the levels of organization in the Linnaean classification system
in order from broadest to most specific. Use the triangle diagram.
64. How do you recognize a scientific name? Give an example.
65.
65. Complete the table of information comparing the six kingdoms.
Kingdom
Characteristics
Examples
66. What are the three types of Protist?
67. What trait is used to classify animal-like protists?
68. What is the basic function of the pigments
Animal Like Protist
in the plant like protist division?
Divisions
69. List two positive effects of protists. List
two negative effects of protists.
70.Draw a mushroom (kingdom fungi) and
label the following: fruiting body,
mycelium, gills, basidia.
71. Using the chart of Fungi Phyla, what trait
Plant Like Protist
is used to classify fungi?
Divisions
Fungi Phylum
chart
Plants and Animals
72. Define the following words.
a. Vascular System
f. angiosperm
l. germination
b. Xylem
g. gymnosperm
m. vertebrate
c. Phloem
h. Monocot
n. invertebrate
d. Alternation of
i. Dicot
o. coelom
Generations
j. cotyledons
p. bilateral symmetry
e. seed
k. pollination
q. radial symmetry
73. What are the basic characteristics of a plant?
74. What is the difference between an angiosperm and a gymnosperm?
75. Draw and label the reproduction structures of a flower – stamen, pistil, ovary, carpal,
pollen
76. What are the basic characteristics of an animal (kingdom animalia)?
Invertebrates
Division
Reproduction
Diet
Coelom
y/n
Symmetry
Respiration
Organs?
Defining traits?
Porifera
Sponges
Cnidaria
Jellyfish, Sea
Anemones
Platyhelminthes
Flatworms
Nematoda
Round worms
Mollusks
Snails, clams,
nautilus
Arthropods
Insects, crustaceans
Vertebrates/Chordates
Phylum
Reproduction
Diet
Warm/Cold
Blooded
Respiration
Organs/
Defining traits
Fish
Amphibians
Reptiles
Birds
Mammals
Ecology
77. What factors affect population size? What effect do they have on population size?
78. Draw a graph to show population changes. Describe your population and name the
factors responsible for the changes.
79. Distinguish between the following pairs:
a. heterotroph and autotroph
f. food web and food chain
b. producer and decomposer
g. food pyramid and trophic level
c. consumer and producer
h. primary succession and secondary succession
d. carnivore and omnivore
i. climax community and pioneer species
e. herbivore and detritivore
80.Create a food web showing at least three interconnected food chains with four links each.
81. Describe how the following elements are cycled through ecosystems.
a. carbon
c. oxygen
e. phosphorus
b. nitrogen
d. hydrogen
82. What two processes play a major role in those cycles? How?
83. How has human activity in the following areas impacted ecosystems?
a. global warming and the ozone layer
c. water consumption
b. pesticides and biological magnification
d. energy consumption
84. What is a tropism?
a. thigmotropism
b. phototropism
c. gravitropism
85. What adaptations do plants have to help them survive in different environments?
a. desert
b. water
c. snow
86. What behaviors do animals have that help them
survive their environments?
Evolution
87. What is the difference between a hypothesis and a
theory?
88. What is biodiversity?
89. What is evolution?
90. Describe the contributions to evolutionary thought of the following men.
a. Lamarck
b. Malthus
c. Hutton
d. Lyell
e. Wallace
91. List the three parts to Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection
In a population of mice, there are two phenotypes, brown (BB, Bb) and grey (bb). Their
habitat once was a snowy tundra, but now the snow is melting to brown dirt.
92. In the example, pick out which adaptation is most fit for the new environment.
93. What will occur to each allele frequency in the population?
94. What will the future populations look like?
95. What did Darwin call this?
96. What is natural selection?
97. Describe evidences used to support macroevolution.
a. fossil record
b. biogeography
c. biochemical