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Chapter 4 Review
1. Distinguish between the four passive transport processes. What do they have in common? How are
they different?
2. Explain the difference between phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and exocytosis.
3. Describe the steps of the sodium-potassium pump. You may answer this one by doing a short skit!
4. How are facilitated diffusion and diffusion through membrane channels similar? How are they
different?
5. Explain isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic. What would happen to a cell that was placed in a
solution that was hypertonic? Hypotonic? Isotonic?
6. What is the primary role of an enzyme? Describe the model of enzyme action.
7. What is allosteric effector? How does an allosteric effector work?
8. Describe end-product inhibition. Is this a positive or negative feedback mechanism?
9. What are the reactants and products of glycolysis? Where does it occur? What happens if there
isn’t sufficient oxygen available?
10. What are the functions of the citric acid cycle? Where does it take place?
11. Where does the electron transport system take place and what is its function?
12. What are the energy-carrying molecules of cellular respiration?
13. Diagram the process of cellular respiration. Include the major steps and locations of each step.
14. Describe the relationship between nucleotides, DNA, chromosomes, and genes.
15. Explain why protein synthesis is such an important anabolic process.
16. Describe the process of DNA transcription. What is the function and where does it occur?
17. Describe the process of DNA translation. What is the function and where does it occur?
18. What is the difference between mRNA and tRNA? Which one has a codon and which one has an
anticodon?
19. What is the benefit of having polyribosomes?
20. Describe the entire process of protein synthesis.
21. Outline the phases of the cell life cycle (not each phase of mitosis). What occurs during each
phase?
22. Compare and contrast DNA transcription and DNA replication.
23. Diagram the major events of mitosis.
24. What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis? What types of cells undergo mitosis? What
types of cells undergo meiosis?
25. Define hypertrophy and atrophy. Provide an example of each.
26. Distinguish between hypertrophy and hyperplasia.
27. Distinguish between benign and malignant tumors.
28. Describe two diseases or disorders that result from cell abnormalities.