Download Evolution Review Sheet

Evolution Review Sheet
Chapter 22
1. Be able to explain the mechanism of natural selection in detail.
2. What did Linnaeus do? How was it used by Darwin?
3. What was Lamarck’s idea about how populations changed over time? What was
erroneous about Lamarck’s mechanism of genetic change?
4. What part of the mechanism of natural selection was Darwin’s weak point? Why?
5. How did Lyell’s ideas help to shape Darwin’s development of evolution by
natural selection?
6. What determines relative Darwinian fitness p. 457?
7. What are the points of evidence for evolution?
8. What is a homologous structure? What is a vestigial structure?
9. What is biogeography? How does it provide evidence for convergent evolution?
Chapter 23
1. What is the definition of microevolution?\
2. If the conditions for HW equilibrium are met, what will happen to the allele
frequencies of a population over time?
3. What are the 5 causes of microevolution? Be able to explain how they can cause
microevolution.
4. HW problems
5. What is bottleneck effect? Founder effect?
6. Why aren’t all deleterious genes eliminated from a population?
7. What is heterozygote advantage?
8. Explain the different modes of selection (stabilizing, directional, diversifying).
9. What is sexual selection?
10. Why can’t natural selection make perfect organisms?
Chapter 24
1. What is macroevolution?
2. What is a species as defined by the biological species concept (Mayr).
3. Explain the various prezygotic and postzygotic reproductive isolating barriers.
4. What is the difference between allopatric and sympatric speciation?
5. Explain an example of allopatric speciation.
6. How do reproductive barriers evolve?
7. What is polyploidy?
8. Describe sympatric speciation. Is it more common in plants or in animals?
Explain.
9. Explain the difference between punctuated equilibrium and gradualism.
Chapter 25
1. What event marks the end of an era, and the beginning of another?
2. What is thought to have caused the Permian mass extinction? The cretaceous
extinction?
3. Define a phylogeny
4. What are the levels of hierarchical classification that were developed by
Linnaeus?
5. What is binomial nomenclature? How is it useful?
6. What is the difference between a monophyletic and a polyphyletic group?
7. What is the difference between homologous and analogous structures? Divergent
and convergent evolution?
8. What types of information are used to construct the best possible phylogeny for a
group of organisms?
Animal Development
1. What are the steps of early embryonic development in animals?
2. What are cytoplasmic determinants? What role do they play in development?
3. What role does induction play in development?
4. What is a hox gene? Why is it so powerful?
5. What is a stem cell? What are its potential uses for science?
6. Why was embryonic stem cell research controversial prior to the development of
iPS cells? What is an iPS cell?