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BIOLOGY CP FINAL EXAM REVIEW (2013 – 2014)
Know the meaning of the following terms and concepts.
Cell Division (Chapter 10 & Chapter 11.4 (meiosis))
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
When do cells divide?
Asexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction
Cell Cycle Diagram (p 281)
Plant and Animal cell differences found (Cell division) (p. 285)
The phases of the cell cycle in eukaryotes (know what occurs in each phase)
a. INTERPHASE
1) G1
2) S
3) G2
b. MITOSIS (M phase)
1) prophase
2) metaphase
3) anaphase
4) telophase
c. CYTOKINESIS
Label Each Stage (Some pictures are in the same stage)
7. What cells don’t divide?
8. When does DNA Replication occur?
9. Chromatin
10. Sister Chromatids
11. Centromere
12. Chromosomes
Label the diagram to the right (p. 280)
13. Compare the differences of mitosis in plants and animals
14. What is Meiosis? Why is Meiosis important?
15. Haploid
16. Diploid
17. Homologous pair
18. Know all the phases of Meiosis and the events that occur in each
a. Prophase I
b. Metaphase I
c. Anaphase I
d. Telophase I
e. Prophase II
f. Metaphase II
g. Anaphase II
h. Telophase II (Haploid Cells)
19. Egg & Sperm – haploid or diploid?
20. Variation – Mitosis or Meiosis?
Fundamentals of Genetics (Chapter 11 & 14)
1. What is the study of Genetics?
2. Trait
3. Purebred/True breeding
4. Hybrid
5. Mendel’s work (with peas)
a) Law of Segregation
b) Law of Independent Assortment
6. Alleles
7. Dominant allele
8. Recessive allele
9. Genotype
10. Phenotype
11. Genes
12. Cross a heterozygous individual with another heterozygous individual with the letter R (p. 316)
13. Chromosome Theory of Heredity
14. homozygous
15. heterozygous
16. probability
17. Punnett Square
18. Know how to determine the genotypes and phenotypes for a monohybrid and dihybrid cross
19. Why use a Test Cross?
20. Know how to read a Pedigree (p.397)
21. What’s a carrier? What are genetic disorders?
22. Know how to determine the genotypes and phenotypes for:
a. incomplete dominance
b. codominance
c. multiple alleles
23. Polygenic traits
24. Sex-linked traits
25. Cross a PpQq and PpQq and what is the percent chance of having a baby with the genotype of PpQq
(p 316)
26. Chromosomes crossing over (p.324)
27. Karyotype (normal and abnormal) (p 392)
28. DNA molecule and parts (p 354) (p348)
DNA Replication, Protein Synthesis & DNA Technology (Chapter 12, 13, 15)
Complete the chart based on Chargaff’s rule
%A
%G
%C
Wolf
21.2
38.8
Chimp
5
Tiger
28.5
1. Differences between DNA & RNA (RNA structure p. 363)
a.
b.
c.
2. Protein Synthesis –
3. Transcription –
a. enzymes involved in transcription?
4. Translation –
5. Codon and Anticodons
6. Amino Acid chart based on anticodons (p. 367)
7. mutation –
8. Chromosome mutation (p.374)–
a. deletion –
b. duplication –
c. translocation –
d. inversion –
9. Gene mutation –
a. frameshift mutation –
b. point mutation –
10. cancer – uncontrolled cell division
11. causes of cancer a. mutagen
b. carcinogen
12. selective breeding –
13. inbreeding 14. genetic engineering –
%T
28.5
15. restriction enzymes –
16. recombinant DNA and gene cloning using a plasmid (p. 425) –
17. vector –
18. Plasmids 19. Gel Electrophoresis –
20. DNA fingerprint (Diagram to the right)–
21. Transgenic organisms –
22. What are some products produced by genetic engineering?
23. Gene therapy (p. 431)–
24. What medical advances have resulted from genetic engineering?
25. DNA & crime
a. Safety and Ethics in Biotechnology
1. Biotechnology –
2. Human Genome Project –
26. How is DNA replicated?
27. What enzymes are involved in DNA replication?
Evolution Unit (Chapter 16, 17)
1. species –
2. variation –
3. adaptation –
4. fossils –
5. Darwin and His Theory
6. Evolution –
7. Lamarck vs Darwin
8. HMS Beagle & The Galapagos Islands
9. Four main points of Darwin’s theory of Natural selection are?
10. Gradualism 11. Tracking changes (evidence of evolution)
12. homologous structures (p 468) 13. vestigial structures (466-467)14. analogous structures –
Which evolutionary term is shown in the picture below ?
15. similar embryonic development
16. similar biochemistry (e.g. DNA, cytochrome c)
17. speciation –
18. convergent evolution (examples)–
19. divergent evolution (examples)20. Coevolution (examples)–
21. Adaptive radiation –
22. Hardy-Weinberg principle 23. Gene pool 24. Allele frequencies -
25. Genetic equilibrium –
a. disruptive (489)b. stabilizing (489)–
c. directional (489)26. Genetic drift –
Earth’s Early History (Chapter 19)
1. Gases in the early atmosphere are?
2. Miller & Urey Apparatus – what did they produce?
3. Protocells –
4. Microspheres –
5. half-life –
6. What were the first cells found in the fossil record?
7. Most fossils are found in what type of rock?
8. What are the two ways of dating a fossil’s age? Which one is more accurate?
9. Know how to read the Geologic Time Scale (p. 542)
Classification (Chapter 18)
1. Taxonomy –
2. systematics3. 7 Levels of classification
a. Kingdom
b. Phylum
c. Class
d. Order
e. Family
f. Genus
g. Species
4. What are the Six Kingdoms?
a. Archaebacteriab. Eubacteriac. Protista –
d. Fungi –
e. Plantae –
f. Animalia –
5. Know each groups characteristics and examples from each Kingdom
6. Binomial nomenclature –
7. Know how to write a scientific name (Genus/Species)
8. Phylogenetic tree/cladogram –
9. Know how to use a Dichotomous Key (Biological Key)
10. Know how to read a classification chart with different levels of organization.
11. Cladogram (p. 517 and 519)
12. Various organisms- place in proper kingdom (p. 527)