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Study Guide 2: c. 3 Ancient Greece
History 115
Read: p: 61-86
Terms: Dorians, polis, democracy, oligarchy, tyranny, Draco, Solon, Cleisthenes,
Pisistratus, Marathon, Thermopylae, Salamis, Delian League, Pericles, Persian Wars,
Peloponnesian War, Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, Aristophanes, Herodotus,
Thucydides, Sophists, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, golden mean, know thyself, ostracize,
strategos, helot, ephor, philosophy, Socratic method
Study Questions:
1. Define the concept of the polis. What role did geography play in its development
and why did the Greeks consider it a unique and valuable institution? (use
political, social, economic elements)
2. How did the concept of citizenship develop and to whom did it apply? What
reasons did the Greeks give for excluding people from citizenship?
3. Compare the fundamental political, social and economic institutions of Athens
and Sparta about 500 B.C. Why did Sparta develop its unique from of
government?
4. What were the main stages in the development of Athenian democracy between
600 and 500 B.C.? What contributions to democracy were made by Draco, Solon,
Pisistratus, Cleisthenes?
5. What were the strengths and weaknesses of Athenian democracy? Was Athens
really democratic?
6. What were cause of the war between the Persians and the Greeks? What were the
consequences?
7. What were main reasons for Greek colonization? Where did the Greeks establish
colonies and how did they cause a revival of trade and cultural andintellectual
development in Greece after 750 B.C.?
8. Why did Athens and Sparta become involved in the Peloponnesian war? Who
won the war and why? What were the effects of the war?
9. How did the Greeks relate to their gods and in what ways does polytheism differ
functionally from monotheism?
10. What are Plato’s views regarding the ideal state? How were they different from
Aristotle’s views?