Download Scientific Process Chapter 1

Biology Pre-AP Final Exam Review
Fall 2012
Name_________________________
ALSO REVIEW ALL LABS AND CLASS NOTES!
1. Biology is the study of ___________.
2. Name the characteristics of living things:
3. Define homeostasis -
Scientific Process Chapter 1
4. Define or explain the following terms:
a. Problem
b. Hypothesis
c. Procedure
d. Data
e. Conclusion
5.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Define each of the following:
control (set-up) group:
experimental group:
manipulated variable:
responding variable:
controlled variables:
6. Identify the problem, hypothesis, procedures, data, and conclusion in the following situation:
_______________Based upon several observations, colored lights have no effect upon my dog’s
feeding habits.
_______________My dog will eat better under red light.
_______________Does my dog eat better when exposed to a particular color of light?
_______________ Observe the dog’s feeding habits for seven days, using a regular light and
then for seven days with a colored light.
_______________My dog ate his entire meal each of the 14 days in just under 3 minutes.
7. Name the control group, the experimental group, the manipulated variable, the responding
variable and the controlled variables for the following experiment:
Mrs. C.M. Run wants to find out if mice run faster when given a small electrical shock.
She uses 6 female mice of the same breed. They are all kept in the same cage. They
receive the same amount of food and water. They run through the exact same maze. 3
mice get a small electric shock at the beginning of the maze and 3 do not get the electric
shock. The time in minutes it takes each mouse to run through the maze is recorded.
Control Group (set-up):
Experimental group (set-up):
Manipulated variable:
Responding variable:
Controlled variables:
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Biology Pre-AP Final Exam Review
Fall 2012
Name_________________________
8. When graphing the above experiment, which variable would you put on the X-axis?
Which would you put on the Y-axis?
SAFETY
Write the safety rule for each of the items below:
10. Hair 11. Eyes –
12. Horseplay –
13. Eating and Drinking –
14. Fire –
MICROSCOPES
15. How should you carry a microscope?
16. Fill in the blanks in the paragraph below, using the word bank provided:
Low power objective
revolving nosepiece
coarse adjustment
objective
fine adjustment
high power objective
stage clips
stage
diaphragm
First, put the slide on the
and secure it with the
. Make
sure you are using the
first. Use your
to bring the specimen in to initial focus. If more light is
needed, adjust the
. To see a sharper image, use
the
__________________________. If you would like to
see the image a little closer, turn the ________________ to change to the
________________. Never use the _____________________when
viewing under high power because you might break the objective lens.
17. Troubleshoot problems with a microscope. What do you do if…
Image needs focusing
Image needs sharper focus
Image needs more or less light
Image needs more or less magnification
You need to move the image you see in the lens to the left, right, up or down
You need to determine the TOTAL magnification used in viewing an object
18. Calculate the total magnification when using the low power objective lens if your eyepiece
is 10X and your objectives are 10, 20, 40 X
a.
b.
c.
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Biology Pre-AP Final Exam Review
Fall 2012
Name_________________________
19. Label the microscope:
Basic Chemistry/Biochemistry Chapter 2
Define and give an example of:
20. Chemical reaction
21. What is released during a chemical reaction?
22. Element
23. Molecule
24. Ion
25. In the following equation, identify the reactants and products:
CO2 + H2O -----> H2CO3
26. Sketch a Carbon atom. Label the protons neutrons and electrons. How many are there?
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Biology Pre-AP Final Exam Review
Fall 2012
Name_________________________
27. Describe the difference between ionic and covalent bonding:
28. What is an organic molecule?
29. List the 4 organic molecules necessary for life and explain their role in the body.
a.
b.
c.
d.
30. Define:
a. Monomer
b. Polymer
31. Draw a monomer for each of the 4 organic molecules.
Lipid
Nucleic Acid
Carbohydrate
Protien
32. Draw a polymer for each of the 4 organic molecules (one has been drawn for you)
Lipid (Triglyceride)
Carbohydrate (polysaccharaide)
Protein (polypeptide)
Nucleic Acid (DNA)
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Biology Pre-AP Final Exam Review
Fall 2012
Name_________________________
33. Identify each of the following as monomers or polymers.
d. Polypeptide e. Glycerol f. Triglyceride g. Nucleotide h. Double helix i. Fatty acid j. Polysaccharide k. Amino acid l. Monosaccharide 34. What is activation energy?
35. What is an enzyme?
36. Draw a diagram and label the following :
a. Enzyme
b. Substrate
c. Active site
Cells and Organelles Chapter 7
Characteristics of Living organisms
37. Match the characteristics of living organisms with the proper example and then give a
definition for each term.
a. Bacteria cell making another
Metabolism
bacteria cell
____ Homeostasis
b. Mitochondria breaking down
__ Cellular Organization
food for the cell’s energy
_ Heredity
c. Thermostat controlling the heat
_ Reproduction
in the house.
38. List the contributions of the following scientists:
Hoooke
Van Leeuwenhoek
Schleiden
Virchow
39. What is a prokaryotic cell?
40. What is a eukaryotic cell?
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d. Cells –Tissues –Organs—
Systems-Organisms
e. Sperm meets egg; zygote gets
23 chromosomes from each.
Biology Pre-AP Final Exam Review
Fall 2012
Name_________________________
41. Describe the main function of each organelle:
Cell membrane
Vacuole
Nucleus
ER
Ribosome
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Golgi
42. List the 3 parts of the Cell Theory.
43. List 3 ways that PLANT CELLS differ from ANIMAL CELLS.
44. Smaller cells are more efficient than larger cells because…
Transportation of molecules - Chapter 7
45. Sketch a cell membrane and mark the location and function of the following:
Polar region, Nonpolar region, Phospholipid, Channel protein, Marker protein, Receptor protein
Define the following terms that relate to the movement of molecules into and out of the cell:
46. Diffusion 47. Facilitated diffusion 48. Osmosis a. Hypotonic solution
b. Hypertonic solution
c. Isotonic solution
49. Active transport a. pumps
b. Exocytosis
b. Endocytosis
6
Biology Pre-AP Final Exam Review
Fall 2012
Name_________________________
50. Movement of water from an area of high concentration to low concentration is known as
_____________________.
51. When celery is placed in a hypotonic solution, it _____________________.
52. What is the difference between diffusion, osmosis and facilitated diffusion?
DNA, RNA PROTEIN SYNTHESIS – Chapter 12, 13
1. Label the DNA
Use the following terms:
 5 carbon sugar
 nucleotides
 phosphate
 bases
2. Fill in the missing bases
3. Name the differences between DNA and RNA
4. DNA is made of nucleotides. What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?
5. Why does DNA replicate?
6. In DNA, Adenine (A) pairs with _________________ and Cytosine (C) pairs with
__________________.
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Biology Pre-AP Final Exam Review
Fall 2012
Name_________________________
7. List the 3 types of RNA and describe the function of each:
a.
b.
c.
8. Label each part of Protein Synthesis and explain what it is or what it does.
9. Match the anticodons that would pair up with the RNA codons shown on the messenger RNA
strand below:
UAC
tRNA molecule
AUU anticodon
GCU
UAA
GGC
AUG CGA AUU CCG UAA
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Amino acid
Biology Pre-AP Final Exam Review
Fall 2012
Name_________________________
10. Use the chart(s) to find the amino acids that the strand of mRNA
mRNA = AUG CGA AUU CCG UAA
amino acids =
11. What is the DNA sequence for the given mRNA in #10?
BIOTECHNOLOGY – Chapter 14
1. What is recombinant DNA? List the steps involved in making recombinant DNA.
2. What role do restriction enzymes play in this process?
3. Give two examples of how this process is being used today.
4. Explain the difference between the two drawings below. Which of the drawings illustrates a
more long term “cure” for genetic diseases?
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Biology Pre-AP Final Exam Review
Fall 2012
Name_________________________
MITOSIS/MEIOSIS Chapter 10, 11
Examine the table. Fill in the missing information, and then answer the questions.
Chromosome Numbers of Common Organisms
Organism
Body Cell (2N)
Gamete (N)
Human
Garden Pea
14
Fruit Fly
8
Tomato
12
86. Somatic cells divide by mitosis /meiosis (circle the answer) and are diploid/haploid (circle the
answer)
87. Gamete cells are formed from mitosis/meiosis (circle the answer) and are diploid/haploid (circle
the answer)
88. The pictures of the stages of mitosis below are out of order. Write the letters in order of the correct
sequence. _____________________
b. Label the phases of mitosis in the pictures below. (interphase, prophase, metaphase,
anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis). Also label the arrows.
89. Label the following diagram that illustrates the cell cycle
90. Define cancer and describe its connection to the cell cycle:
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Biology Pre-AP Final Exam Review
Fall 2012
Name_________________________
91. Describe what is happening in the following picture:
92. Are the cells shown body cells or gametes?_____________________
93. What are gametes?
Karyotypes (Ch 14)
94. What is a karyotype
95. autosomes 96. Sex chromosomes 97. How can you determine a male from a female on a karyotype?
a.
Male –
b.
Female –
98. How can a karyotype be used to determine a genetic problem? Give examples of chromosomal
disorders.
Genetics Chapter 11,14
Define:
99.
Dominant
100.
Recessive
101.
Homozygous
102.
Hybrid/Heterozygous
103.
Phenotype
104.
Genotype
105.
Trait
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Biology Pre-AP Final Exam Review
Fall 2012
106.
Allele
107.
Multiple alleles
108.
Codominant
109.
Incomplete Dominance
110.
Monohybrid crosses
111.
Dihybrid crosses
112.
Probability
113.
P generation
114.
F1 generation
115.
F2 generation
116.
sex-linked trait (X- linked)
List 3 sex-linked traits
Name_________________________
117. Set up a Punnett square for a normal trait; calculate percent and ratios of genotypes and
phenotypes for a Bb x Bb cross.
Use B-brown and b-white
Genotype %RatioPhenotype %Ratio-
118. Blood type is an example of multiple alleles. Make a chart listing the genotypic and phenotypic
possibilities. Illustrate a cross between a type O and a type AB person.
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Biology Pre-AP Final Exam Review
Fall 2012
Name_________________________
Answer the following genetics problems. Show your work.
119. Given the fact that curly hair is dominant, what would be the expected genotypes of the
offspring (in percent) if a heterozygous curly haired man married a straight haired
woman? Show all steps.
120. A male with hemophilia (X-linked) has children with a female carrier of hemophila.
Predict the offspring ratios. Show all steps.
121. In dobermans, a rough coat is dominant over a smooth coat. Black hair is dominant over
brown hair. Cross a homozygous rough coated and heterozygous black doberman with
homozygous smooth coated, heterozygous black Doberman. Show all the steps.
122. Two tall pea plants were crossed, 25% of the offspring were tall, 25% were short, and 50%
were medium. What were the genotypes and phenotypes of the parent plants? Show all
steps.
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Biology Pre-AP Final Exam Review
Fall 2012
Name_________________________
Review, label, describe, or complete the following diagrams:
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Biology Pre-AP Final Exam Review
Fall 2012
Name_________________________
123. Nondisjunction causes the XXY condition in the karyotype above. Define nondisjunction.
Review all handouts and labs in addition to completing the review sheet.
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