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Motion and Simple Machines TEST Study Guide 2014 (Key) Vocabulary: match the word in the left column with the definition in the right column. I 1 speed A Opposing forces that are unequal D 2 gravity B A change in velocity K 3 reference point C A unit of measurement for force B 4 acceleration D A force that pulls downward toward the center of Earth H 5 force E A force that opposes motion E 6 friction F A change of location expressed in distance and time J 7 velocity G An object’s resistance to a change in motion G 8 inertia H A push or a pull F 9 motion I Distance divided by time C 10 Newton J Speed in a given direction A 11 Unbalanced forces K A place that appears to be standing still as compared to a moving object. Units of speed: choose the most appropriate speed unit for each situation. C 1 Snail 3 Race car Speed = distance time Match the shape of the graph on the left with the description of motion on the right. C 1 C mm/min D/E 4 Bullet D m/sec A 5 Toy car E m/sec F 6 Light F km/sec The object is moving at A a constant speed A B The object is slowing down 3 C The object is standing still 4 The object is D speeding up 2 D B A cm/sec D/E 2 Sprint runner B km/hr B What is the formula for speed? What can you tell about the speed of a thing from a distance over time graph? Which of the pulley systems shown below will lift a weight using the least amount of effort force? The steeper the slope, the faster the object 1 2 3 4 How does an inclined plane reduce the effort needed to raise a load? Inclined planes spread the effort out over a greater distance How does a pulley reduce the effort needed to raise a load? Pulleys spread the effort out over a greater length of string/rope The displacement-time graph below represents the motion of a cart initially moving forward along a straight line. During which interval is the cart moving forward at constant speed? B-C Which of the following pictures shows the board that makes a ramp that reduces effort force the most? Y