Download What_I_need_to_know_about_Protein_Synthesis_2013

What I need to know about Protein Synthesis
Compare the structure and function of DNA and RNA.
1. Fill in the table below.
DNA
Nitrogen
bases Present
Location in
the cell
Size (# of
strands)
RNA
Function
2. Write the complimentary strand for the DNA shown below.
(Remember your base pairing rules in DNA: A pairs with _____ and C pairs with _____. )
DNA
C
T
T
G
C
A
A
T
T
T
G
C
DNA
3. A gene is ________________
__________________________
__________________________
____________.
4. Write the mRNA strand for the following DNA strand.
(Remember the base pair rules in RNA: A pairs with _____ and C pairs
DNA Sequence:
ATC – CCG – GAT
mRNA Sequence: _____________________
with ______)
Explain how information is transferred from DNA and RNA by explaining transcription and
translation.
5. What is transcription and where in the cell does it occur?
________________________________________________________________________________
6. What two molecules are involved in transcription?
____________________ and ____________________
7. What is translation and where in the cell does it occur?
_____________________________________________________ ___________________________
8. What molecules are involved in translation?
mRNA, _______________ ______________ ____________ ___________________________
9. Fill in the table below.
Type of RNA
Role in Protein Synthesis
mRNA
rRNA
tRNA
10. How many different kinds of bases can be found on DNA? _______
11. What base is found on RNA but not on DNA? ____________
12. How many bases are in a codon? ________
13. How many bases are in an anticodon? _________
14. How many amino acids are attached to a single tRNA? ______
15. Three nucleotide bases on mRNA that code for a specific amino acid is a(an) codon/anticodon.
Circle one
16. Three nucleotide bases on tRNA that complement the three bases on mRNA is a(an)
codon/anitcodon. Circle one
17. The table above is used to
identify amino acids. Which
molecule is used to do so?
a. DNA
b. tRNA
c. mRNA
d. rRNA
18. Use the Codons in mRNA table to find out the amino acid or mRNA codon:
AUG = ________________
GUA = ________________
GGG = __________________
UCA = ________________
19. Complete the process of protein synthesis:
DNA: TAC-CGA-TTT-GTG-CAA-GAG-AAG-TCA-CGG-AAA-CGC-AAG-ACT
mRNA: _____________________________________________________________________
tRNA: ______________________________________________________________________
Protein (amino acids): ________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
20. Protein synthesis is the process of making
_________ A gene is the instructions to make a
_____________ The protein is the expressed
__________ of the organism.
21. Where does protein synthesis occur in the cell?
_________________
22. The process of protein synthesis begins with one
____________ on found in the DNA. The gene is
transcribed into mRNA. The mRNA, tRNA and, rRNA
work together to build a __________________ made
out of amino acids. This protein performs a specific
function and expresses a ______________
23. Label the diagram with the following terms:
Ribosome, DNA, Nitrogen bases, tRNA, mRNA, amino
acid, protein
Describe the effect of mutations on the process of protein synthesis.
24. A mutation is a _______________ in DNA that results in an altered _____________ performing
different functions in the cell.
25. What causes mutations? _____________, ______________ and _________________
26. Circle the mutation in the table below and describe how it changes the protein made.
Normal DNA: CCC – GAG – AAC
Abnormal (mutated DNA): CAA – GAG - AAC
When the abnormal protein is made the amino acid ____________________ replaces
_______________________ from the normal DNA.
Use the following scenario to answer the questions.
A scientist wanted to determine if tobacco products cause a mutation for cancer. The scientist used
mouse lung cells and exposed them to carbon tetrachloride (toxin in tobacco products) and then
counted the number of mutations found in the cell.
27. Identify the problem (?) the scientist is investigating.
______________________________________________________________________________
28. What is the independent variable? ____________________________________________
29. What is the dependent variable? ______________________________________________
30. What would be a good control group for this experiment? _______________________________
31. Name some constants this scientist should use. ______________________________________