Download Lab 18 - Lab Tests and Hypersensitivities

Lab 18 - Lab Tests and Hypersensitivities
1
Lab 18 - Lab Tests and Hypersensitivities
Name_________________
Objectives:
1.
2.
3.
4.
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6.
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8.
Describe the four types of hypersensitivity or immune disorders.
Explain anaphylaxis, the contributing factors and its medical significance.
Characterize the cause hay fever and other atopic diseases.
Define hemolytic disease of the newborn and explain the cause, effect and means of
prevention.
Explain the Immune Complex diseases, the important mediators, symptoms and examples.
Describe cellular hypersensitivity specifically explain what is meant by infection allergy and
contact dermatitis.
Describe and perform a pregnancy test as a sample of immunologic lab tests.
Perform an ELISA tutorial online and explain the mechanism for ELISA testing.
Types of Immune Disorders
Hypersensitivity
Type
Examples
Type 1
bee stings
penicillin
atopic - allergy
Anaphylactic
Type 2
Cytolytic
Type 3
Immune
Complex
Type 4
Delayed
Cellular
Hypersensitivity
Transfusion
reactions
Rh reactions
Thrombocytopenia
Grave's
SLE
rheumatoid arthritis
glomerulo-nephritis
dengue
*Guillain-Barre
Reyes
Infection allergy
contact dermatitis
(formaldehyde,
metals, poison ivy
and oak
Mechanism
Symptoms
Time for
reaction
to occur
Treatment
and notes
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Lab 18 - Lab Tests and Hypersensitivities
2. Define anaphylaxis using a reaction to a specific allergen known to cause anaphylactic shock. Include
the cells involved in the reaction and the methods of treatment.
3.Pregnancy tests are available at many grocery stores today for purchase over the counter (otc), no
doctor's order is required. This test uses a urine sample and tests for the presence of Human Chorionic
Gonadotropin (HCG), a hormone made only by pregnant women or women suffering from a tumor
associated with the female reproductive tract. HCG is excreted in the urine each day. An HCG level of
less than 5mIU/ml is indicates that there is no pregnancy, levels of 0-5mIU/ml are expected within the first
week, and these rise sharply.
Days from conception
HCG level in mIU/ml
7 days
0 to 5
14 days
3 to 426
21 days
18 to 7,340
28 days
1080 to 56,500
35 - 42 days
7,650 to 229,000
Pregnancy tests detect pregnancy by identifying the presence of HCG in urine. Obviously an early
morning specimen that is well concentrated will provide the best concentration of the hormone.
The test stick has a filter paper that has been embedded with anti-HCG (created in a mouse, rabbit, or
sheep) that has been tagged with alabeled dye that will show up when a bond forms between the HCG
and anti-HCG molecules producing a color indicator.
Perform the pregnancy test. Describe the mechanism used to indicate the presence or absence of
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG).
What is the result?
Draw a picture of the process that is occurring on the test stick.
Lab 18 - Lab Tests and Hypersensitivities
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4. Go to the University of Arizona Website and go through the ELISA tutorial, then answer the following
questions from the web site.
http://www.biology.arizona.edu/immunology/activities/elisa/main.html
What is the ELISA test intended to measure?
Antibody to HIV only
Antigen to HIV only
Presence of free, circulating virus in the patient
Antibodies directed against HLA molecules
What would happen if serum were omitted from the ELISA, but all other
steps remained the same and were performed properly?
Anti-human Ig-conjugate would not bind and be washed away.
Anti-human Ig-conjugate would bind non-specifically to the ELISA plate.
The O.D. values would be nearly the same as the assay control.
Both A and C.
From the ELISA data, which patient is seropositive for
HIV?
Positive
Control
Negative
Control
Patient A
Patient B
Patient C
Assay
Control
1.689
0.153
O.055
0.412
1.999
0.123
Patient A
Patient B
Patients B and C
Patient C
Last Updated 6/28/2017
©Janet Fulks
Lab 18 - Lab Tests and Hypersensitivities
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