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Name:________________________________________________________________________________________________Period:_____________Date:________________________
How has life changed (evolved)?
What came first?
Prior Knowledge:

Explanation
________________________ - life from non-living
Ex: ______________________________________________

Circle one of the pairs of terms below
Prokaryotic
or
eukaryotic
________________________ - life from living
Autotrophic (make own food – plants) or

What was the purpose of Miller and Urey’s experiment?
Heterotrophic (must obtain food – animals)
Aerobic (used oxygen)
or Anaerobic (did not use oxygen)
What chemical process occurred that allowed there to be
aerobic organisms? Hint: What reaction produces oxygen??

Early Earth – Place the following items in correct order by numbering 1-9
Explain the endosymbiotic theory. How did cells change?
_______Earth is formed with toxic gases, water vapor, and no oxygen
_______Eukaryotic cells (more complex cells with a nucleus) form through endosymbiosis
_______Earth’s surface cools and water vapor forms oceans as it rains
_______Simple organic molecules such as amino acids and carbohydrates form from the
thunderstorms
_______Protocells (non-living groups of molecules) form and contain RNA
_______Photosynthetic prokaryotes form adding oxygen to the atmosphere
_______Ozone (O3) layer forms from atmospheric oxygen to protect Earth
_______Multicellular eukaryotes form
_______Prokaryotic cells form. Prokaryotes are simple cells that include bacteria.
Lamarck – Use Disuse Hypothesis or Passing on of Acquired
Characteristics
Darwin – Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection
Summarize how Lamark believes the giraffe got its long neck.
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Summarize how Darwin believes the giraffe got its long neck.
_______________________________________________________________
What is wrong with the inheritance of acquired traits hypothesis?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________ - Organisms with useful traits
survive, reproduce, and pass those traits to their offspring.
___________________________ - measure of an individual’s ability to survive
and reproduce more offspring that can in turn survive and to reproduce.
2 Models for evolution:

_________________________ - gradual change over
time leads to species formation

___________________ ___________________ –
evolution occurs in spurts in which there are periods of
rapid change in a species followed by periods of little or
no change ( usually do to major environmental changes
____________________________________________ - we are changed
forms of our ancestors.
*** ______________ mutate
_________________ are selected
_________________ evolve***
Microevolution

small genetic changes in the gene pool of
a population
Example of Microevolution (Directional Selection)
Before the Industrial Revolution the trunks of certain trees were
a light color. The lighter peppered moths had an advantage
over the darker moths. The lighter moths were more likely to

______________ ____________ – all the
alleles in a population (look at the # of B’s vs. the # of b’s)
3 types of natural selection that causes changes in gene pool:
o ____________________ ___________________ – “it pays
to be different” – individuals with traits at one end are more
common than midrange forms Ex: peppered moths
________________________________________ so there
were more of them in the population.
Now, with the Industrial Revolution came ___________________.
The trees turned dark. Now the darker moths had the advantage.
Adaptations are dependent upon the ______________________.
Macroevolution - How new species are formed
______________________________ – changes in a species so a new species is
formed
o
___________________ __________________ – “it pays
to be average” – eliminates individuals on both ends of the
range and favors midrange individuals Ex: birth weights
__________________________________ can lead to the formation of a new species
Sometimes organisms of the same species
become physically separated. The evolution of
separate species is largely due to genetic drift
(chance). After a long period of time even if the
two groups were to meet back up the organisms
o
________________________ or _______________
________________________ – both ends of the range are
favored and those in the middle are reduced. Ex: finch
beaks
may refuse to mate. At this point they would be
considered separate species. When one species
becomes 2 separate species this is called
______________________ ___________________.
__________________________ - changes
due to chance. Affects small populations more.
Types of Evolution

____________________________ – changes in genetic
Evidence for Evolution –
1.
composition of one species in response to change in another
____________________ - show patterns of development
______________________________________ – fossils
found deeper down in the strata (rock layers) are older than
those found closer to the top.
Ex: flowers & pollinators
2. Anatomical structures

a.
____________________ structures - structures that are present in an organism but reduced in
size or have less important function (Ex: wings in flightless birds, hind limbs in whales)
b.
____________________ structures - structures that share a common ancestry (similar structure
but different functions) Ex: human arm, bat wing, whales flipper
_____________________________________ - the changing
of organisms to fit new environments.

_______________________ - accumulation of differences
3.
between groups which can lead to the formation of new species
Molecular Evidence (DNA, RNA & Proteins)

If species change over time then genes have also changed (DNA fingerprinting)

________________________ _______________ – a species from which 2 or more species
have diverged

Scientists look at _________________ and ___________________. The more similar the DNA
or protein sequence, between 2 different organisms, the more recently they shared a common
ancestor.

______________________ & ______________________ ___________ – show how organisms
are related through evolution

__________________________ - organisms that are not
closely related evolve similar traits due to living in similar
environments. These are ________________________
structures.
4.
______________________________ development shows common ancestry – similarities in early
development show similar genes are at work