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Cornell Notes: Mechanisms of Evolution
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Main Idea
Details
Evolution can be defined as
Evolution
A gene pool is
5 factors can affect
the frequency a gene is
found in the gene pool
1. Genetic Mutations are changes in DNA that happen due
to errors in
The source of all new genes/traits in a population
2. Natural Selection is also known as survival of the fittest
It is the driving force of evolution and happens when
Genetic drift is a
random change in the
frequency of alleles
in a population
3. Small Populations are VERY VERY affected by
genetic drift.
Examples of genetic drift:
A) Bottleneck effect
A) Founder effect
4. Non-random mating means that mates are chosen
based on certain characteristics (example, peacock tails). This
limits the size of the gene pool because
Cornell Notes Page 2
Main Idea
Details
A decrease in the size
of the gene pool
increases the speed
of evolution
5. Gene flow is the movement of genes into or out of a
population
This happens because of
A) Emigration
B) Immigration
Examples:
1. Amish people are required to marry and
have children with other Amish people
2. Northern elephant seals were hunted almost
to extinction by people in the 1890s
3. A lioness joins a new pride and has cubs
Reflect
In your own words and in complete sentences, compare and contrast natural selection with bottleneck effect.