Download “Evolution Practice Test” Vocabulary: Define the following

“Evolution Practice Test”
Vocabulary: Define the following vocabulary terms.
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Adaptation
Evolution
Mutation
Homologous Structure
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Population
Analogous Structure
Genetic Drift
Gene Pool
Mechanisms and Evidence of Evolution
1. Give three examples of an adaptation to a certain environment.
2. Explain how natural selection causes evolution. Discuss the ideas of inheritance, competition
and mutation in your response.
3. Give an example of natural selection.
4. Compare and contrast natural selection and artificial selection.
5. Describe how new traits and genetic variation come about in a population.
6. Describe how homologous structures found in skeletons can be used as evidence for evolution.
Give an example of homologous structures.
7. Give an example of how an environmental change can cause evolution to occur.
8. Mutations occur in a gene pool over time. One method to classify organisms is based on genetic
differences. Analyze the data below to determine which organism is most closely related to the
cow.
9. Examine the population shift in the graph. Write a scenario
that would explain the data.
10. Explain how the five events below can cause evolution by
changing the gene pool.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Genetic Drift:
Mutation:
Immigration and emigration:
Sexual Selection:
Natural Selection:
11. Albinism is a rare genetically inherited trait that is only expressed in the phenotype of
homozygous recessive individuals (aa). The most characteristic symptom is a marked deficiency
in the skin and hair pigment melanin. This condition can occur among any human group as well
as among other animal species. The average human frequency of albinism in North America is
only about 1 in 20,000. Recall that p2 represents the frequency of the homozygous dominant
population, q2 represents the frequency of the homozygous recessive population, and 2pq
represents the frequency of heterozygotes.
p+q=1
p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1
a. Calculate the percentage of albino individuals in the United States.
b. Calculate the percentage of individuals who carry the albino gene but do not show the
trait.
c. The population of the United States is about 314 million people. How many of these
people have albinism and how many carry the gene?
12. Individuals with albinism are more prone to skin cancer because of their lack of skin pigments.
Predict how the allele frequencies for albinism (q) would change if more sunlight reached the
Earth’s surface. More sunlight increases the prevalence and mortality rate of skin cancer.