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Revolutionary War Study Guide 1. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence? Thomas Jefferson When was it written? 1776 Why was it necessary? It told King George III that the colonists wanted to separate from Britain and it explained why they wanted to form their own nation. 2. The Patriots were colonists who were fighting for freedom. 3. The Loyalists were colonists who wanted to stay loyal to King George III 4. Define Revolution: a sudden, complete change of government 5. What are the strengths and weaknesses of the continental army? Strengths: George Washington was a good leader; they fought on their own ground Weaknesses: no training, outnumbered, no uniforms, many soldiers didn’t have guns, didn’t have enough supplies 6. Determine the significance of the following: Battle Importance How each side used physical geography? Who won? Battle of Lexington and Concord Battle of Bunker Hill Began the Revolutionary War Patriots used 20 miles of open British soldiers were sent to road to attack Redcoats capture rebel leaders and weapons Redcoats Used hills and “earth walls” to protect themselves. Redcoats Battle of Trenton Was fought at Breed’s Hill British attacked three times The Patriots ran out of ammunition on the 3rd attack British lost a lot of soldiers Surprise attack on the Hessians. They snuck up on them in the middle of the night. This win lifted the spirits of the Patriot soldiers. Turning point of the war! Benedict Arnold helped lead the Patriots to a victory. The French became our ally after we won. Patriots camped here for the winter. They used this time to train and regain strength. Lafayette also helped by bringing supplies One of the most important battles fought in Georgia Crossed the icy cold Delaware River Patriots British used river to transport supplies and snuck around a forest to take Americans by surprise. Patriots Cold harsh winter Washington chose Valley Forge because he could watch the British soldiers in Philadelphia N/A British camped at Kettle Creek. C.A. surrounded them. Patriots Last major battle of the war. Cornwallis was surrounded on both land and sea. He was trapped and he ended up surrendering. Americans/French used the Chesapeake Bay to set up naval blockades, so the British were trapped on the peninsula. Patriots Battle of Saratoga Valley Forge Battle of Kettle Creek Battle of Yorktown ------------------Patriots 7. Determine the significance of the following people: King George III British king during the American Revolutionary War George Leader of the Continental Army (Commander-in-Chief) Washington Benjamin Franklin Wrote papers and the first political cartoon to encourage people to be Patriots. He helped convince France to help America. Thomas Jefferson Main author of the Declaration of Independence Benedict Arnold A commander in the Continental Army who led troops to victory at Saratoga. He betrayed America by trying to give the British Army secret information. Patrick Henry A great public speaker who is remembered for saying “Give me liberty or give me death!” John Adams He suggested at the 2nd Continental Congress that George Washington be chosen to lead the Continental Army. Marquis de Lafayette Paul Revere Frenchman who joined the Continental Army. He convinced France to send supplies for the American soldiers at Valley Forge. He rode to Lexington to warn them that the British were coming. Minutemen American soldiers who were ready to fight at a moment’s notice. Thomas Paine Lord Cornwallis Samuel Adams He wrote about American independence in his pamphlet Common Sense. A British general who was forced to surrender at Yorktown which ended the war. Founder of the Sons of Liberty. He demanded independence from Britain. 8. Explain why Cornwallis was forced to surrender at Yorktown. The French and American armies set up blockades and surrounded Gen. Cornwallis and his troops. Cornwallis could not get the supplies he needed to continue the war, so he had to surrender. This ended the war. 9. Political Cartoon: Discuss what Benjamin Franklin meant in this Political Cartoon: Benjamin Franklin was trying to unite the colonies. If the colonies worked together, they could join and win the Revolutionary War. If they did not work together, they would be cut up like a snake and not get their freedom. 10. Identify the places on the map: Boston, Philadelphia, New York City. _Philadelphia___________________ ___New York City_______________ ___Boston______________________