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U.S. History Chapter 3 Study Guide on “The American Revolution,” pp. 78-101.
Section 1: “The Revolution Begins,” pp. 78-82.
1. Identify the following key terms and people:
a. First Continental Congress: _________________________________________________________________________
b. Declaration of Rights: _____________________________________________________________________________
c. Minutemen: _____________________________________________________________________________________
d. Redcoats: _______________________________________________________________________________________
e. Second Continental Congress: _______________________________________________________________________
f. Continental Army: ________________________________________________________________________________
g. George Washington: _______________________________________________________________________________
h. Battle of Bunker Hill: ______________________________________________________________________________
2. Why did the First Continental Congress send the Declaration of Rights to the king? _____________________________
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3. How did Britain react to the Declaration of Rights? ______________________________________________________
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4. Why did the First Continental Congress alert the colonial militias to prepare for war? ___________________________
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5. Why did a British force march on Concord? ____________________________________________________________
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6. Who warned the colonists of the British advance toward Concord? __________________________________________
7. How did the colonists react to the British advance? ______________________________________________________
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8. What led to the fighting at Lexington and Concord, and how did it affect the colonies’ conflict with Great Britain?
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9. How did the minutemen respond to the battle at Lexington? _______________________________________________
10. What is meant by the expression “shot heard ‘round the world?” ___________________________________________
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11. Which side won the fighting at Lexington and Concord, and why? _________________________________________
12. What was the purpose of the Second Continental Congress? ______________________________________________
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13. Who was appointed leader of the Continental Army? ____________________________________________________
14. Was it wise for the Second Continental Congress to have Washington prepare for war as it sought peace?
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15. How did geography influence the early battles around Boston?
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16. How did the Continental Army perform in the early battles of the war? Explain your answer.
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17. Create a chart of the actions and results of the First and Second Continental Congresses.
Actions Taken
Results
First Continental Congress
Second Continental Congress
ON GEORGE WASHINGTON (page 82)
When did he live? ___________________________________________________________________________________
Where did he live? __________________________________________________________________________________
What did he do? ____________________________________________________________________________________
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Why is he so important in American history? _____________________________________________________________
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How did Washington’s leadership in the Revolutionary War prepare him for his role as President? ___________________
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Section 2: “Declaring Independence,” pp. 83-85.
1. Identify the following key terms and people:
a. Common Sense: __________________________________________________________________________________
b. Thomas Paine: ___________________________________________________________________________________
c. Thomas Jefferson: ________________________________________________________________________________
d. Declaration of Independence: _______________________________________________________________________
e. Patriots: ________________________________________________________________________________________
f. Loyalists: _______________________________________________________________________________________
2. What arguments did Thomas Paine present in Common Sense? _____________________________________________
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3. What was the significance of Common Sense? __________________________________________________________
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4. What two sides emerged in response to the Declaration of Independence? What did each side favor? _______________
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5. What arguments did the authors of the Declaration of Independence give for declaring the colonies free from British
control? __________________________________________________________________________________________
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6. What groups were unrepresented in the Declaration of Independence? _______________________________________
7. How might some groups use the Declaration of Independence in the future to gain rights? ________________________
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The Declaration of Independence: A Primary Source Analysis, pp. 86-89.
1)
Which truths in the 2nd paragraph are self-evident? _____________________________________________________
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2)
Name the three unalienable rights: __________________________________________________________________
3)
From what source do governments derive their just powers? _____________________________________________
4)
What right do people have when their government becomes destructive? ___________________________________
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5)
In the series of paragraphs beginning, “He has refused his assent,” to whom does the word “he” refer to? _________
6)
Which phrase in the document expresses the colonists’ opposition to taxation without representation?
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7)
According to the Declaration, what powers does the U.S. have as “Free and Independent States?” _______________
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8)
Why do you think the colonists were unhappy with the fact that their judges’ salaries were paid by the king?
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9)
The Declaration was divided into 4 parts. Write down the 1st phrase of each of those parts. ____________________
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10) What reference do you see toward Native Americans? What attitude does this toward Native Americans express?
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11) What evidence is there that the colonists had already unsuccessfully voiced concerns to the king? _______________
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12) What evidence in the Declaration is there of religious faith? How did it influence the ideals of the D. of I.?
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13) Are the unalienable rights are upheld today? Provide examples. __________________________________________
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Section 3: “Patriots Gain New Hope,” pp. 90-97.
1. Identify the following key terms and people:
a. Mercenaries: _____________________________________________________________________________________
b. Battle of Trenton: _________________________________________________________________________________
c. Battle of Saratoga: ________________________________________________________________________________
d. Marquis de Lafayette: ______________________________________________________________________________
e. Bernardo de Galvez: _______________________________________________________________________________
f. John Paul Jones: __________________________________________________________________________________
g. George Rogers Clark: ______________________________________________________________________________
h. Nathan Hale: _____________________________________________________________________________________
i. The American Crisis: ______________________________________________________________________________
j. George Cornwallis: _______________________________________________________________________________
2. Who had the advantage at the start of the war – the British or Patriot forces? __________________________________
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3. How did various groups of colonists contribute to the war effort? ___________________________________________
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4. Why was it difficult to find and keep soldiers in the Continental Army? ______________________________________
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5. What early defeats did the Patriots experience? __________________________________________________________
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6. Why were the Patriots defeated in New York? __________________________________________________________
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7. Who were the Hessians? ___________________________________________________________________________
8. Explain General Washington’s strategy at the Battle of Trenton. ____________________________________________
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9. How did the Patriot’s actions at the Battle of Trenton differ from their actions at New York? _____________________
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10. Why did more Americans join the Patriot efforts after the Battle of Trenton? _________________________________
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11. What was the British strategy for cutting off England? ___________________________________________________
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12. What essential element of this strategy proved to be a weakness? __________________________________________
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13. What role did chance play in the Patriot victory at Saratoga? ______________________________________________
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14. Why did the Marquis de Lafayette join the Continental Army? ____________________________________________
15. Which nations joined the Patriot cause? ______________________________________________________________
16. How did the Battle of Saratoga lead to French aid for the Patriots? _________________________________________
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17. What was Valley Forge? __________________________________________________________________________
18. What challenges did the Continental Army face at Valley Forge? __________________________________________
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19. Why did soldiers remain at Valley Forge despite the harsh conditions? ______________________________________
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20. How did the Patriots’ situation at Valley Forge that winter contrast with that of the British at Philadelphia?
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21. How did the size of the Continental Navy affect its strategy against the British navy? __________________________
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22. How did John Paul Jones and George Rogers Clark help the Patriots’ war effort? ______________________________
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23. Fill in the chart: How did different nations/foreign individuals contribute to the war effort?
Nation/Individual
Contribution
24. Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze, 1851 (page 93)
a) What feelings did Leutze want to inspire with his painting? _______________________________________________
b) Why was the scene so popular? _____________________________________________________________________
c) The color scheme Leutze used in the painting was red, white, and blue. Why did he use this scheme? _____________
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d) When did Washington and his troops cross the Delaware? What was the event’s significance? ___________________
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25. Fill in the table. Identify the problems first faced by the Patriots in the North, at sea, and out West. Then, identify
Patriot successes in these areas.
Region
Patriot Problems
Patriot Successes
Section 4: “Independence!” pp. 98-101.
1. Identify the following key terms and people:
a. Guerilla warfare: _________________________________________________________________________________
b. Francis Marion: __________________________________________________________________________________
c. Swamp Fox: _____________________________________________________________________________________
d. Comte de Rochambeau: ____________________________________________________________________________
e. Battle of Yorktown: _______________________________________________________________________________
f. Treaty of Paris of 1783: ____________________________________________________________________________
2. List the events of the war in the South in chronological order. ______________________________________________
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3. What problems did the Patriots experience in the war in the South? __________________________________________
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4. What advantages did the southern Patriots have over the British in the South? _________________________________
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5. Why did the British decide to switch strategies and focus the war in the South? ________________________________
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6. How did guerilla colonial fighters help the Continental Army? _____________________________________________
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7. Describe the main British strategies in the South. ________________________________________________________
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8. Why did the British army move to Yorktown, Virginia? ___________________________________________________
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9. How did Washington and the Patriots defeat the British at Yorktown? _______________________________________
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10. Why did the victory at Yorktown end the war? _________________________________________________________
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11. Could the Patriots have won the Revolutionary War without the help of the French? Why or why not? _____________
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12. Who helped to negotiate the peace treaty for the Patriots? ________________________________________________
13. List the major events that led to the end of the Revolutionary War.
1.__________________________________
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2.__________________________________
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3. __________________________________
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Treaty of Paris
1783
14. What were the terms of the treaty?
The terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1783:
1.
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2.
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3.
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