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NAME _________________________________ BLOCK ____ DATE______________
SB4. Students will assess the dependence of all organisms on one another and the
flow of energy and matter within their ecosystems.
e. Relate plant adaptations, including tropisms, to the ability to survive stressful
environmental conditions.
KEY WORDS – Look up definitions for the following words in the glossary in the back of the book.
1) ADAPTATION - __________________________________________________________________
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2) STOMATA - _____________________________________________________________________
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3) TROPISM - _______________________________________________________________________
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4) HORMONE- ______________________________________________________________________
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5) PHOTOTROPISM - ________________________________________________________________
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6) GRAVITROPISM - ________________________________________________________________
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7) THIGMOTROPISM - _______________________________________________________________
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8) HYDROTROPISM - _______________________________________________________________
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Getting the idea
Plants grow in a ____________________of places all over the world. The evolution of
___________________________ has allowed them to live in even the most __________________
conditions. ________________________are traits that improve an organism’s chance for
_____________________ and ___________________. From ____________________ or mountaintops to
__________ water or freshwater, plants are able to survive many different _______________________.
Over _____________, changes occur within a population’s ___________ as a result of sexual reproduction
and random ______________________. Most of these changes have either __________ effect or a
_________________ effect on the organism’s chances for survival. If the environment _________________
however, certain individuals are more successful at passing on their ______________ to their offspring that
others. Through ____________________ _____________________________, organisms become better
_________________ to their environment. Plants have evolved a number of adaptations that act as coping
__________________ in stressful environments.
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______________________ plants show a number of adaptations to their environment. Since they
usually grow in _____________, their roots can ______________________ because the waterlogged
soil lacks ________ spaces that provide ____________ for cellular respiration. One adaptation
aquatic plants, like the __________________, have is tissues above the mud with large ______ ______________ spaces to take in oxygen. Once the oxygen diffuses through the
_________________, it is carried down to the _______________.
For plants that grow in _______________ environments, becoming ______________ deficient during
osmosis is a problem. Many plants produce __________________ that maintain a healthy water
__________________. Another challenge is that high ___________ concentrations are
________________ to plants so some plants have roots that have ______________________ to be
more salt tolerant by _________________________ the uptake of harmful materials. Their
__________________ have special cells that pump salt out of the plant’s tissues.
_____________ deficiency can also be an issue for ____________________ plants. On hot, dry
days, plants can ______________ water faster that it is restored by the soil. One way to slow
water loss is by closing ____________________, pores in the ________________ of leaves and
stems that control ___________exchange. In addition, when the leaves of plants ___________
from lack of water, they roll into a shape that exposes less ________________ to the sun, thus
reducing water _____________.
Some plants have evolved ways of obtaining ______________________ in environments that have low
____________________________ of nutrients in the soil. These include specialized leaves that
________________ and ______________ insects or an ability to extract ______________ and
______________ by parasitizing another plant.
________________________ is an example of a plant that obtains its nutrients from
another plant like a ____________________.
Another example of a plant adaptation is the ability to __________________ against predatory insects.
Many plants produce _____________________ compounds that are toxic to insects. Although some are
lethal or disrupts the insects’ ____________________ processes, others have chemicals that act as deterrents
by simple tasting _______________ to the insects.
Some plant adaptations are _______________ responses to stimuli in the environment.
______________________ are those changes in growth that are a response to ___________________.
Plants usually respond by either growing _______________ (positive) or ___________ ___________
(negative) the source. Chemicals called ________________ control these responses. The table below
compares four types of _____________________.
Tropism
Stimulus
Phototropism
Light
Gravitropism
Gravity
Response
Type of Response
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Thigmotropism
Touch
Hydrotropism
Water
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Sometimes plants respond by simply _____ responding at all. During the ______________, trees
enter a state of _______________ in which all growth and development ______________.
_______________________ protects plants from freezing and helps them to survive the winter.
DISCUSSION QUESTION
The venus flytrap is often called a carnivorous plant. When an insect
touches the sensitive hairs on the plant, the leaves snap closed around it. The
plant then begins to secrete a chemical that will digest the insects. What type
of tropism does this plant show? Why might this adaptation have occurred?
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LESSON REVIEW - write the entire answer not just the letter of your choice.
1.
What types of chemicals affect a plant’s growth and development in response to stimuli?
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2.
What state does a maple tree enter in order to protect itself from freezing during the winter months?
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3.
The diagram on page 204 shows a plant responding to a stimulus. What type of response does it
show?
4.
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Which of the following adaptations does a cactus have that MOST likely enables it to live in its
environment?
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