Download Unit 1 – Studying the Earth Topics

Plate Tectonics & Rock Deformation
Study Guide - Unit 4
1. Vocabulary
o continental drift
o supercontinent
o mid-ocean ridge
o sea floor spreading
o paleomagnetism
o magnetic reversal
o magnetic symmetry
o plate tectonics
o Ring of Fire
o lithosphere
o continental crust
o oceanic crust
o asthenosphere
o divergent boundary
o convergent boundary
o transform boundary
o convection
o crust (continental &
oceanic)
o mantle (upper &
lower)
o core (inner & outer)
o ridge push
o slab pull
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Pangea
Gondwanaland
Laurasia
Wilson cycle
isostasy
rifting – rift zone
terrane
accretion
sea mount
coral atoll
craton
shield
deformation
uplift due to erosion
subsidence due to
deposition
stress
strain
compression
tension
shear stress
brittle
ductile
fold
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fault
limbs
hinge
axial plane
overturned
syncline
anticline
monocline
fracture
fault
hanging wall
footwall
normal fault
reverse fault
thrust fault
strike-slip fault
mountain range
mountain system
mountain belt
folded mountain
plateau
fault-block mountain
dome mountain
volcanic mountain
Continental Drift
2. Why was Wegener’s hypothesis not originally accepted?
3. What were 3 forms of evidence that plate tectonics occurred according to Wegener?
a. Be able to explain the reasons behind each piece of evidence.
4. What are mid-ocean ridges and why are they important? What happens at them? Where is the
younger sediment found?
5. Which is older, continental crust or oceanic crust?
6. Where does sea-floor spreading occur?
7. Where does rifting occur?
8. Where are the oldest sediments in a mid-ocean ridge?
a. Where is NEW ROCK formed?
9. What did paleomagnetism help scientists to discover?
10. What is magnetic symmetry and why does it occur?
Plate Tectonics
11. Scientists use the terms “crust, mantle and core” as well as “lithosphere and asthenosphere.” What
is the difference between these layers?
12. Which is more dense, continental crust or oceanic crust?
13. Tectonic plates are also indicated by what two geologic features?
Types of Plate Boundaries
14. What are the 3 types of plate boundaries?
a. Know the direction of movement.
b. Know where it happens.
c. Know examples of each.
15. What is the difference between a fracture and a fault?
16. What 3 things cause plate motion (p. 252 – 254)?
Cycles
17. How long does a cycle last?
18. What continents did Pangea break up into?
19. When did Pangea first form?
20. When did it start to break apart?
21. Where will Los Angeles be compared to San Francisco in 150 my?
Isostasy
22. What two layers of the Earth need to find a balance?
23. What 3 factors can influence the isostasy of the crust?
24. What is the difference between compression, tension and shear stress?
25. What causes permanent strain?
26. What factors affect strain?
Folds
27. Know the anatomy of a fold.
28. Know the three types of a fold.
Faults
29. Be able to describe each type of fault, their motions and the type of boundary.
Mountains
30. Know the difference between:
a. Continent – continent collisions
b. Oceanic – continent collisions
c. Continent – continent collisions
31. Folded mountains
32. plateaus
33. fault-block
34. grabens
35. dome
36. volcanic