Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
First Crusade wikipedia , lookup
Second Crusade wikipedia , lookup
House of Lusignan wikipedia , lookup
Barons' Crusade wikipedia , lookup
Siege of Acre (1291) wikipedia , lookup
Kingdom of Jerusalem wikipedia , lookup
History of Jerusalem during the Kingdom of Jerusalem wikipedia , lookup
Third Crusade wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Hattin wikipedia , lookup
Name _____________________________ Class _________________ Date __________________ Biography The High Middle Ages Saladin WHY HE MADE HISTORY Saladin was the Muslim leader who fought King Richard the Lion-Hearted during the Crusades. Even though Saladin was a fierce opponent, he was known for his fairness and mercy. As you read the biography below, think about the leadership qualities that Saladin showed. What would you do if you were fighting to protect your land from invaders? Would you help your enemy during battle? That’s what Saladin did. Saladin was born in Iraq around 1137. As a boy he was named Yusuf, but as a man he earned the name Salah al-Din, meaning “Righteousness of the Faith.” Saladin was deeply religious and believed that “Allah is with those who do right.” Saladin was 26 years old when he first fought beside his uncle against the Crusaders. The Christians held the city of Cairo, and the Muslims wanted them out. Each time Saladin’s army faced the Crusaders they were beaten, until finally, in their fifth battle, the Muslims achieved victory. Saladin’s uncle crowned himself the King of Egypt, but his rule did not last long. In less than two months he was dead, the rumored victim of poisoning. As a result, Saladin became the next King of Egypt. Saladin went on to conquer many lands, uniting the Muslims and finally driving the Christians out of Jerusalem, after 88 years of occupation by the Franks. “When God gave me the land of Egypt,” he said, “I was sure that he meant Palestine for me as well.” This defeat was too much for the Christians, and they organized the Third Crusade in 1189. This time Richard the Lion-Hearted came to reclaim the Holy City. Saladin and Richard had a deep respect for each other and each won several battles, but neither could completely defeat the other. Then, in 1192, they fought what would be their last battle: the struggle for control of the city of Jaffa. Saladin’s army eventually weakened the Christians, and the Muslims planned for their final victory. Saladin attacked at dawn and Richard’s army fought bravely, even though they were greatly outnumbered. As Saladin watched the battle from a hilltop, he saw Richard’s horse killed. But instead of giving up, the English king continued to fight, standing Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Full Survey Chapter 14 5 The High Middle Ages Galleria degli Uffizi Florence/Dagil Orti/The Art Archive 1137/38–1193 Name _____________________________ Class _________________ Date __________________ Biography The High Middle Ages shoulder to shoulder with his men. “How can this be?” said Saladin. “That a king should be on foot with his men! It cannot be!” Then he turned to his brother and said, “Take these two Arabian horses and lead them to him. Tell him that I send them to him, and that a man so great as he should not be in parts such as these, on foot, with his men.” The battle raged into the night, and when it was over, Richard collapsed with exhaustion and became gravely ill. The two great leaders, tiring of war, began to speak of peace through their messengers. During the peace talks, Saladin had fruit, ice, and medical help sent to Richard. In addition to Saladin’s concern for Richard, he wanted to spy on the condition of his enemy. The two men finally came to an agreement. Jerusalem would remain under Muslim control but Christian pilgrims would be allowed to travel freely throughout the city. King Richard returned to England, and Saladin returned to his home and family in Damascus. Less than a year later, Saladin fell ill and died. WHAT DID YOU LEARN? 1. Recall Describe the relationship between Saladin and King Richard the LionHearted. ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 2. Express a Point of View What would you have done if you had been the leader of an army and saw your rival’s horse killed? ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ACTIVITY Pretend you are a war correspondent and you are witnessing the last battle of the Third Crusade. How would you report the story? Who would you interview? Write your story on a separate piece of paper, using print and online sources as needed. Remember to answer the questions who, what, when, where, and how. Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Full Survey Chapter 14 6 The High Middle Ages