Download Biology, 7e (Campbell) Chapter 33: Invertebrates Chapter Questions

Biology, 7e (Campbell)
Chapter 33: Invertebrates
Chapter Questions
1) What are the cells in a sponge that are primarily responsible for trapping food particles from circulating water?
A) amoebocytes
B) choanocytes
C) mesohyl cells
D) pore cells (porocytes)
E) epidermal cells
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 33.1
Skill: Knowledge
2) Which of the following are not associated with sponges?
A) oscula
B) spongocoels
C) cnidocytes
D) spicules
E) amoebocytes
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 33.1
Skill: Knowledge
3) A structurally complex sponge would be expected to have
A) a multi-branched spongocoel.
B) wandering amoebocytes.
C) multiple oscula.
D) A and B only
E) A, B, and C
Answer: E
Topic: Concept 33.1
Skill: Comprehension
4) A sponge's skeletal materials (spicules, spongin) are manufactured by the
A) pore cells.
B) epidermal cells.
C) choanocytes.
D) zygotes.
E) amoebocytes.
Answer: E
Topic: Concept 33.1
Skill: Knowledge
5) In the mesohyl of various undisturbed sponges, one is likely to observe (at one time or another) all of the following
except
A) amoebocytes.
B) spicules.
C) spongin.
D) zygotes.
E) choanocytes.
Answer: E
Topic: Concept 33.1
Skill: Comprehension
6) Which chemical is not normally found in any sponges?
A) chitin
B) spongin
C) calcium carbonate
D) silica
E) cribrostatin
Answer: A
Topic: Concept 33.1
Skill: Knowledge
Figure 33.1
7) Which of these factors, when used to label the horizontal axis of the graph in Figure 33.1, would account most
directly for the shape of the plot?
A) spongin concentration (gm/unit volume)
B) rate of cribrostatin synthesis (molecules/ unit time)
C) number of amoebocytes per sponge
D) number of spicules per sponge
E) number of choanocytes per sponge
Answer: E
Topic: Concept 33.1
Skill: Application
8) In terms of food capture, which sponge cell is most similar to the cnidocyte?
A) amoebocyte
B) choanocyte
C) gamete
D) epidermal cell
E) pore cell
Answer: B
Topic: Concepts 33.1-33.2
Skill: Comprehension
9) A radially symmetrical animal that has two embryonic tissue layers belongs to which phylum?
A) Porifera
B) Cnidaria
C) Platyhelminthes
D) Nematoda
E) Echinodermata
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 33.2
Skill: Knowledge
10) All of the following are characteristics of the phylum Cnidaria except
A) a gastrovascular cavity.
B) a polyp stage.
C) a medusa stage.
D) cnidocytes.
E) a pseudocoelom.
Answer: E
Topic: Concept 33.2
Skill: Knowledge
11) What is the best way to describe the brain of a sea anemone?
A) a thick ring around the mouth
B) a series of ganglia at the base of the tentacles
C) a pair of ganglia at the anterior end
D) a single ganglion in the body wall
E) nonexistent
Answer: E
Topic: Concept 33.2
Skill: Comprehension
12) Which of the following is a correct statement about members of the phylum Cnidaria? They
A) are not capable of locomotion because they lack true muscle tissue.
B) are primarily filter feeders.
C) have either or both of two body forms: mobile polyps and sessile medusae.
D) may use a gastrovascular cavity as a hydrostatic skeleton.
E) are the simplest organisms with a complete alimentary canal (two openings).
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 33.2
Skill: Comprehension
13) The members of which class of the phylum Cnidaria occur only as polyps?
A) Hydrozoa
B) Scyphozoa
C) Anthozoa
D) Cubozoa
E) both B and D
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 33.2
Skill: Knowledge
14) Which class of the phylum Cnidaria includes "jellies" with rounded (as opposed to box-like) medusae?
A) Hydrozoa
B) Scyphozoa
C) Anthozoa
D) Cubozoa
E) Both A and C are referred to as "jellies."
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 33.2
Skill: Knowledge
15) Corals are most closely related to which group?
A) jellies
B) freshwater hydras
C) sea anemones
D) sponges
E) barnacles
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 33.2
Skill: Comprehension
16) Which characteristic is shared by both cnidarians and flatworms?
A) dorsoventrally flattened bodies
B) flame cells
C) radial symmetry
D) a digestive system with a single opening
E) both A and D
Answer: D
Topic: Concepts 33.2, 33.3
Skill: Knowledge
17) Generally, members of which flatworm class are nonparasitic?
A) Turbellaria
B) Trematoda
C) Cestoda
D) Monogenea
E) A, C, and D
Answer: A
Topic: Concept 33.3
Skill: Knowledge
18) In a small stream, you pick up a rock and observe many small, flattened worms crawling on its undersurface. You
decide that they belong to the phylum Platyhelminthes. To which class do they probably belong?
A) Cestoda
B) Monogenea
C) Turbellaria
D) Trematoda
E) Hirudinea
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 33.3
Skill: Application
19) What would be the most effective method of reducing the incidence of blood flukes in a human population?
A) Reduce the mosquito population.
B) Reduce the freshwater snail population.
C) Purify all drinking water.
D) Avoid contact with rodent droppings.
E) Carefully wash all raw fruits and vegetables.
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 33.3
Skill: Application
20) The larvae of many common tapeworms affecting humans are usually found
A) encysted in human muscle.
B) encysted in the muscle of an animal such as a cow or pig.
C) in the abdominal blood vessels of humans.
D) in the human brain.
E) in the intestines of cows and pigs.
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 33.3
Skill: Knowledge
21) While vacationing in a country that lacks adequate meat inspection, a student ate undercooked ground beef.
Sometime later the student became easily fatigued, and lost body weight. At about the same time, whitish, flattened,
rectangular objects full of small white spheres started appearing in his feces. Administration of niclosamide cured the
problem. The student had probably been infected by a
A) pinworm.
B) hookworm.
C) nematode.
D) tapeworm.
E) proboscis worm.
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 33.3
Skill: Application
22) Which of the following statements about Cestoda feeding methods is false?
A) They lack a digestive tract.
B) They use a degenerate mouth to ingest some of their food.
C) As adults, they live in a digestive tract.
D) They are parasites.
E) They absorb nutrients through the walls of their body.
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 33.3
Skill: Comprehension
23) All of the following characterize the phylum Rotifera except
A) a complete digestive tract.
B) a crown of cilia at the anterior end that resembles a wheel.
C) parthenogenic reproduction.
D) a life cycle stage that is resistant to desiccation.
E) a relatively large size.
Answer: E
Topic: Concept 33.3
Skill: Knowledge
24) A lophophore is used by ectoprocts, phoronids, and brachiopods
A) for locomotion.
B) at a larval stage.
C) for feeding.
D) for sensory reception.
E) as a skeletal system.
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 33.3
Skill: Knowledge
25) A brachiopod can be distinguished from a bivalve by the presence of
A) two hinged shells.
B) a digestive system with separate mouth and anus.
C) a lophophore.
D) suspension feeding.
E) a distinct head.
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 33.3
Skill: Knowledge
26) While sampling marine plankton in a lab, a student encounters large numbers of fertilized eggs. She rears some of
the eggs in the laboratory for further study and finds that the blastopore becomes the mouth. The embryo develops into
a trochophore larva and eventually has a coelom. These eggs probably belonged to a(n)
A) annelid.
B) echinoderm.
C) mollusc.
D) nematode.
E) arthropod.
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 33.4
Skill: Application
27) Which molluscan class includes members that undergo embryonic torsion?
A) Polyplacophora
B) Bivalvia
C) Cephalopoda
D) Gastropoda
E) All molluscan classes have this characteristic.
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 33.4
Skill: Knowledge
28) If a lung were to be found in a mollusc, where would it be located?
A) mantle cavity
B) coelom
C) foot
D) visceral mass
E) excurrent siphon
Answer: A
Topic: Concept 33.4
Skill: Knowledge
29) A terrestrial mollusc without a shell belongs to which class?
A) Gastropoda
B) Polyplacophora
C) Bivalvia
D) Cephalopoda
E) Arthropoda
Answer: A
Topic: Concept 33.4
Skill: Application
30) Which molluscan class includes chitons?
A) Polyplacophora
B) Bivalvia
C) Cephalopoda
D) Gastropoda
E) both C and D
Answer: A
Topic: Concept 33.4
Skill: Knowledge
31) A radula is present in members of which class(es)?
A) Gastropoda
B) Polyplacophora
C) Bivalvia
D) A and B only
E) A, B, and C
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 33.4
Skill: Knowledge
32) While snorkeling, a student observes an active marine animal that has a series of muscular tentacles bearing suckers
associated with its head. Segmentation is not observed, but a pair of large, well-developed eyes is evident. The student is
observing an animal belonging to which class?
A) Gastropoda
B) Cephalopoda
C) Polyplacophora
D) Polychaeta
E) Bivalvia
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 33.4
Skill: Application
33) Which of the following is not found in annelids?
A) a hydrostatic skeleton
B) segmentation
C) a digestive system with separate mouth and anus
D) a closed circulatory system
E) a cuticle made of chitin
Answer: E
Topic: Concept 33.5
Skill: Knowledge
Match the descriptions to the correct annelid class(es) from the list below. Each choice may be used once, more than
once, or not at all.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Oligochaeta
Polychaeta
Hirudinea
two of the above
all of the above
34) have parapodia
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 33.5
Skill: Knowledge
35) many are parasites
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 33.5
Skill: Knowledge
36) have segmented bodies
Answer: E
Topic: Concept 33.5
Skill: Knowledge
37) make castings that are agriculturally important
Answer: A
Topic: Concept 33.5
Skill: Knowledge
38) name indicates the relative number of bristles its members have
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 33.5
Skill: Knowledge
39) some members release an anticoagulate that is of medical significance
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 33.5
Skill: Knowledge
40) Which of the following is not characteristic of nematodes?
A) They play an important role in decomposition.
B) They have both circular and longitudinal muscles.
C) They have a pseudocoelom.
D) They have an alimentary canal.
E) Many species are parasitic.
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 33.6
Skill: Knowledge
41) Humans most frequently acquire trichinosis by
A) having sexual contact with an infected partner.
B) eating undercooked pork.
C) inhaling the eggs of worms.
D) eating undercooked beef.
E) being bitten by tsetse flies.
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 33.6
Skill: Knowledge
42) All of the following can be used to distinguish a nematode worm from an annelid worm except
A) type of body cavity.
B) number of muscle layers in the body wall.
C) presence of segmentation.
D) number of embryonic tissue layers.
E) presence of an alimentary canal.
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 33.6
Skill: Comprehension
43) Nematode worms and annelid worms share all of the following features except
A) use of fluid in the body cavity as a hydrostatic skeleton.
B) use of the outer covering as a respiratory surface.
C) presence of a closed circulatory system.
D) presence of an alimentary canal.
E) parasitic lifestyles in some species.
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 33.6
Skill: Comprehension
44) A student observes a worm-like organism crawling about on dead organic matter. Later, the organism sheds its
outer covering. One possibility is that the organism is a larval insect (like a maggot). On the other hand, it might be a
member of the phylum ________. One way to distinguish between the two possibilities is by looking for the presence of
A) Platyhelminthes; a cuticle of chitin.
B) Nematoda; an alimentary canal.
C) Annelida; a body cavity.
D) Nematoda; a circulatory system.
E) Annelida; muscle in the body wall.
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 33.6
Skill: Application
45) The heartworms that can accumulate within the heart of dogs and other mammals have a pseudocoelom, an
alimentary canal, and an outer covering that is occasionally shed. To which phylum does the heartworm belong?
A) Platyhelminthes
B) Arthropoda
C) Nematoda
D) Phoronida
E) Annelida
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 33.6
Skill: Application
46) Infection with which parasite would cause elasticity in human skeletal muscles?
A) trichinella worms
B) tapeworms
C) copepods
D) blood flukes
E) rotifers
Answer: A
Topic: Concept 33.6
Skill: Application
47) Skeletal structures that are entirely or partly composed of calcium carbonate can be found in some members of the
following except
A) sponges.
B) coral animals.
C) molluscs.
D) arthropods.
E) nematodes.
Answer: E
Topic: Concepts 33.1-33.7
Skill: Comprehension
48) An arthropod has all the following characteristics except
A) protostome development.
B) bilateral symmetry.
C) a pseudocoelom.
D) three embryonic germ layers.
E) an open circulatory system.
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 33.7
Skill: Knowledge
49) All of the following are characteristics of adult arthropods except
A) an exoskeleton.
B) hemolymph.
C) jointed appendages.
D) a heart.
E) a coelom.
Answer: E
Topic: Concept 33.7
Skill: Knowledge
50) Among the invertebrates, arthropods are unique in possessing
A) a cuticle.
B) a ventral nerve cord.
C) open circulation.
D) wings.
E) segmented bodies.
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 33.7
Skill: Knowledge
51) The presence or absence of mandibles can be used to distinguish between
A) insects and centipedes.
B) insects and crustaceans.
C) insects and millipedes.
D) insects and spiders.
E) centipedes and millipedes.
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 33.7
Skill: Comprehension
52) A shared derived characteristic for members of the arthropod subgroup that includes spiders would be the presence
of
A) chelicerae.
B) an open circulatory system.
C) an exoskeleton.
D) a cuticle.
E) a cephalothorax.
Answer: A
Topic: Concept 33.7
Skill: Comprehension
53) You find a small animal with eight legs crawling up your bedroom wall. Closer examination will probably reveal
that this animal has
A) antennae.
B) no antennae.
C) chelicerae.
D) A and C
E) B and C
Answer: E
Topic: Concept 33.7
Skill: Comprehension
54) While working in your garden, you discover a worm-like, segmented animal with two pairs of jointed legs per
segment. The animal is probably a
A) millipede.
B) caterpillar.
C) centipede.
D) polychaete worm.
E) sow bug.
Answer: A
Topic: Concept 33.7
Skill: Application
55) Which of the following characteristics most likely explains why insects are so successful at dispersing to distant
environments?
A) hemocoel
B) wings
C) jointed appendages
D) chewing mandibles
E) internal fertilization
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 33.7
Skill: Knowledge
56) What distinguishes complete metamorphosis from incomplete metamorphosis in insects?
A) presence of wings in the adult, but not in earlier life stages
B) presence of sex organs in the adult, but not in earlier life stages
C) radically different appearance between adults and earlier life stages
D) only A and B
E) A, B, and C
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 33.7
Skill: Comprehension
57) A terrestrial animal species is discovered with the following larval characteristics: exoskeleton, tracheal system for
gas exchange, and modified segmentation. A knowledgeable zoologist would predict that its adults probably also would
have
A) eight legs.
B) two pairs of antennae.
C) a sessile lifestyle.
D) an open circulatory system.
E) parapodia.
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 33.7
Skill: Application
58) The possession of two pairs of antennae is a characteristic of
A) spiders.
B) insects.
C) centipedes.
D) millipedes.
E) crustaceans.
Answer: E
Topic: Concept 33.7
Skill: Knowledge
59) One should expect to find the 9 + 2 pattern of microtubules in association with the feeding apparatus of each of the
following except
A) bivalves.
B) rotifers.
C) lophophorates.
D) sponges.
E) terrestrial insects.
Answer: E
Topic: Concepts 33.1-33.7
Skill: Application
60) Which of the following is a characteristic of adult echinoderms?
A) secondary radial symmetry
B) spiral cleavage during early embryonic development
C) gastrovascular cavity
D) exoskeleton
E) a lophophore
Answer: A
Topic: Concept 33.8
Skill: Knowledge
Match the descriptions with the correct echinoderm class from the list below. Each choice may be used once, more than
once, or not at all.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
class Crinoidea (sea lilies and feather stars)
class Asteroidea (sea stars)
class Ophiuroidea (brittle stars)
class Echinoidea (sea urchins and sand dollars)
class Holothuroidea (sea cucumbers)
61) They can extend the stomach through their mouth to feed.
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 33.8
Skill: Knowledge
62) They have distinct central disks and long, flexible arms.
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 33.8
Skill: Knowledge
63) They are elongated in the oral-aboral axis.
Answer: E
Topic: Concept 33.8
Skill: Knowledge
64) Their mouth is directed upward.
Answer: A
Topic: Concept 33.8
Skill: Knowledge
65) They can have long, movable spines.
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 33.8
Skill: Knowledge
66) What is true of echinoderms?
A) They have an endoskeleton of hard calcareous plates.
B) Tube feet provide motility in most species.
C) They have a pseudocoelom.
D) Only A and B are true.
E) A, B, and C are true.
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 33.8
Skill: Knowledge
67) A stalked, sessile marine organism has several feathery feeding structures surrounding an opening through which
food enters. The organism could potentially be a cnidarian, a lophophorate, a tube-dwelling worm, a crustacean, or an
echinoderm. Finding which of the following in this organism would allow the greatest certainty of identification?
A) the presence of what seems to be radial symmetry
B) a hard covering made partly of calcium carbonate
C) a digestive system with mouth and anus separate from each other
D) a water vascular system
E) a nervous system
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 33.8
Skill: Application
68) All of the following animal groups include terrestrial life forms except
A) Mollusca.
B) Crustacea.
C) Echinodermata.
D) Arthropoda.
E) Annelida.
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 33.8
Skill: Knowledge
69) In a tide pool, a student encounters an organism with a hard outer covering that contains much calcium carbonate,
an open circulatory system, and gills. The organism could potentially be a crab, a shrimp, a barnacle, or a bivalve.
Which structure below would allow for the most certain identification?
A) a mantle
B) a heart
C) a body cavity
D) a lophophore
E) eyes
Answer: A
Topic: Concepts 33.2-33.8
Skill: Application
For the following questions, match the descriptions with the correct phylum below. Each choice may be used once, more
than once, or not at all.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Cnidaria
Annelida
Mollusca
Arthropoda
Echinodermata
70) protostomes that have an open circulatory system and an exoskeleton of chitin
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 33.7
Skill: Knowledge
71) protostomes with a unique drape of tissue that may secrete a shell
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 33.4
Skill: Knowledge
72) a diploblastic phylum of aquatic predators
Answer: A
Topic: Concept 33.2
Skill: Knowledge
73) deuterostomes that have an endoskeleton
Answer: E
Topic: Concept 33.8
Skill: Knowledge
74) protostomes that have a closed circulatory system and obvious segmentation
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 33.5
Skill: Knowledge
75) An organism is able to extend its feeding structure(s) through a hole in an exoskeleton. If the organism were an
ectoproct, it would extend a ________; if a coral animal, it would extend ________; if a bivalve, it would extend
________; and if a barnacle, it would extend ________.
A) stomach; a pharynx; a radula; mandibles
B) lophophore; trophi; a radula; jointed appendages
C) pharynx; a proboscis; trophi; mandibles
D) lophophore; tentacles; gill(s); jointed appendages
E) tentacle; a proboscis; gill(s); a pharynx
Answer: D
Topic: Concepts 33.1-33.8
Skill: Knowledge
76) Which of the following is not the primary dispersal form of its group?
A) the adults of bivalves
B) the medusae of hydrozoans
C) the larvae of echinoderms
D) the adults of insects
E) the larvae of sponges
Answer: A
Topic: Concepts 33.1-33.8
Skill: Comprehension
Media Activity Questions
77) Which of these statements is true of sponges?
A) They have an open circulatory system.
B) They are segmented animals.
C) They have no true tissues.
D) Food is digested within a gastrovascular cavity.
E) They are pseudocoelomates.
Answer: C
Topic: Web/CD Activity: Characteristics of Invertebrates
78) Nematodes are most closely related to
A) flatworms.
B) arthropods.
C) rotifers.
D) annelids.
E) chordates.
Answer: C
Topic: Web/CD Activity: Characteristics of Invertebrates
79) Which of these characteristics is common to both snails and earthworms?
A) a closed circulatory system
B) segmentation
C) two tissue layers
D) an alimentary system with two openings
E) an exoskeleton
Answer: D
Topic: Web/CD Activity: Characteristics of Invertebrates
80) Grasshoppers respire via
A) their skin.
B) nephridia.
C) book lungs.
D) spiracles and tracheae.
E) Malpighian tubules.
Answer: D
Topic: Web/CD Activity: Characteristics of Invertebrates
81) Which of these is a characteristic of sea stars?
A) a closed circulatory system
B) nephridia
C) a brain
D) two tissue layers
E) tube feet
Answer: E
Topic: Web/CD Activity: Characteristics of Invertebrates
Self-Quiz Questions
82) Which two main clades branch from the earliest Eumetazoan ancestor?
A) Porifera and Bilateria
B) Porifera and Radiata
C) Cnidaria and Bilateria
D) Rotifera and Deuterostomia
E) Deuterostomia and Ecdysozoa
Answer: C
83) Water movement through a sponge would follow what path?
A) porocyte → spongocoel → osculum
B) blastopore → gastrovascular cavity → protostome
C) choanocyte → mesohyl → spongocoel
D) porocyte → choanocyte → mesohyl
E) collar cell → coelom → porocyte
Answer: A
84) Although a diverse group, all cnidarians are characterized by
A) a gastrovascular cavity.
B) an alternation between a medusa and a polyp stage.
C) some degree of cephalization.
D) muscle tissue of mesodermal origin.
E) the complete absence of asexual reproduction.
Answer: A
85) A land snail, a clam, and an octopus all share
A) a mantle.
B) a radula.
C) gills.
D) embryonic torsion.
E) distinct cephalization.
Answer: A
86) Which of the following is not a characteristic of most members of the phylum Annelida?
A) hydrostatic skeleton
B) segmentation
C) metanephridia
D) pseudocoelom
E) closed circulatory system
Answer: D
87) Which phylum is characterized by animals that have a segmented body?
A) Cnidaria
B) Platyhelminthes
C) Porifera
D) Arthropoda
E) Mollusca
Answer: D
88) Which of the following is not true of the cheliceriforms?
A) They have antennae.
B) Their body is divided into a cephalothorax and an abdomen.
C) Horseshoe crabs are surviving marine members.
D) They include ticks, scorpions, and spiders.
E) Their anterior appendages are modified as pincers or fangs.
Answer: A
89) Which of the following characteristics is probably most responsible for the incredible diversification of insects on
land?
A) segmentation
B) antennae
C) tracheal system
D) bilateral symmetry
E) flight
Answer: E
90) The water vascular system of echinoderms
A) functions as a circulatory system that distributes nutrients to body cells.
B) functions in locomotion, feeding, and gas exchange.
C) is bilateral in organization, even though the adult animal has radial anatomy.
D) moves water through the animal's body during suspension feeding.
E) is analogous to the gastrovascular cavity of flatworms.
Answer: B
91) Which of the following combinations of phylum and description is incorrect?
A) Echinodermata-bilateral and radial symmetry, coelom from archenteron
B) Nematoda-roundworms, pseudocoelomate
C) Cnidaria-radial symmetry, polyp and medusa body forms
D) Platyhelminthes-flatworms, gastrovascular cavity, acoelomate
E) Porifera-gastrovascular cavity, coelom present
Answer: E