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Read Chapter 9-1 and answer the following questions.
1.
What military advantage(s) did the South have at the outbreak of the Civil War?
-Robert E Lee
-7 military colleges; great military leadership
2. How did both the North and the South meet the challenge of financing the war?
North-after people withdrew gold and silver; banks couldn’t buy government bonds; gov cant buy
troops and suppliers; passed the Legal Tender Act in 1862. Created National Currency and allowed
gov to issue paper money (aka, greenbacks)
South-planters in debt and unable to buy bonds banks were small and had few cash reserves so few
bonds. Tried taxing trade but Union Navy blockaded southern ports. Tried taxes on property and
farrm products, but people refused to pay so confederacy forced to print money to pay its bills.
Cause 9000 percent inflation
3. Who are the War Democrats, Peace Democrats, and the Copperheads?
War Democrats-Supported a war to restore the union but opposed ending slavery
Peace Democrats-opposed war and called for reuniting the states through negotiation
Copperheads-what the republicans called democrats in relation to a venomous snake
4. What actions did Lincoln take during the Civil War that many viewed as Unconstitutional?
-(Conscription: Forcing people into the military)
-Suspended Habeas Corpus: suspended a person’s right to not be imprisoned unless charged with
crime and given a trial (wanted to stop rebels)
5. How do the decisions of Jefferson Davis compare to those of Lincoln?
-Alike: he imposed the conscription and suspended habeas corpus, both choose long term methods of
victory (Lincoln’s anaconda plan: send gunboats down Mississippi to divide confederacy; Davis wanted
a defensive attack method)
-Different: davis wanted a slow victory, Lincoln wanted it to end early
6. Study the bar graph on p. 354. The Union had all the advantages, but which one do you feel is the
most important in the eventual Union victory? Why?
7. Which Union advantage was really of no consequence in the Union’s victory?
The union’s anaconda plan
-Lincoln approved assault on confederate forces gathered south of D.C along Bull Run River near Manassas
Junction
-Expecting short fight w/union victory, people picnicked a couple miles away and watched
-Union was winning until J. Jackson moved into the line. Confederate troops retreated past Jackson who was
standing like a Stone Wall, hence Stonewall Jackson. Confederate reinforcements came so Union genera
Mcdowell retreated
-this defeat caused Lincoln to sign another bill for enlistment of 500k men for 3 years
-many men joined first out of excitement but as causalities grew, less volunteers: South introduced
Conscription which is a draft for white men aged 18-35 with exception of key government workers, Teachers,
planters w/over 20 slaves; North tried bounty (giving bonus for singing up), didn’t work so they did a draft
-Union’s blockade blocked southern exports; south had blockade runners which were small, fast vessels south
used to smuggle goods past blockade
-famous Confederate ships: Alabama and Florida, both made in Great Britain. Alabama captured 64 ships
before Union warship sunk it. Florida destroyed 38 ships before seized by France in harbor in Brazil
-Caused friction between Union and Great Britain
-David Farragut was in charge of 42 union warships and 15k soldiers; fought to get New Orleans and lower
Mississippi River
-Ulysses S Grant takes on campaign to seize control of the Cumberland river and Tennessee River.
Controlling these two rivers would cut Tennessee in half and provide the Union with river route deep into the
Confederacy
-Grant took Fort Henry, confederacy fort on Tennessee river;Then took Fort Donelson on the Cumberland
river; most of Kentucky and western Tennessee under Union control
-Ulysses S Grant led troops up Tennessee River to get Cornith, Mississippi which could cut the confederacy’s
only rail connecting Mississippi and western Tennessee; confederacy launched surprise attack on grant near a
church called Shiloh; eventually, Grant forced the confederates to retreat with his defensive attacks; high
casualty rate in battle of Shiloh
-What was Confederate general Bragg hoping when he led his troups into Kentucky? The union armies would
follow and that the invasion of Kentucky would cause uprising of pro-confederates; union troops stopped him
at battle of Perrysville; afterwards, Lincoln ordered Buell to seize Chattangooga and cut railroad lines; home
to union sympathizers and cutting lines would cut off confederacy of meat and corn supply (“hogs and
hominy”)
-William Rosecrans got put in charge; four days later, Bragg (confederate) retreated
-Another major campaign to capture Richmond; Union General George McClellan
-McClellan went to mouth of James Rive by ship and marched up peninsula; took him 30 days to capture
Yorkstown; confederates moved their troops near Richmond during those 30 days
-McClellan mistake #2: let forces be divided by Chikahominy River; confederate general Johnston attacked
McClellan’s army. High Causalities,Robert E Lee replaced a wounded Johnston
-Seven Days battle: series of attacks on McClellan’s army; Lee was unable to beat union, but made high
causalities
-Lee attacks McClellan’s left behind troops who were defending Washington ; led to another battle at Bull
Run; North retreated; Lee began invasion of north
-Battle of Antietam: Lee invades Maryland; believes the invasion would convince north of South’s
independence and victory on northern soil would impress Britain for a recognition and help Peace Democrats
have control in elections; Lee could feed his troops from north farms and draw union troops out of Virginia
during harvest season
-Battle of Antietam: bloodies one day battle in war and American history; Lee suffered too many casualties
from McClellan, he retreated; crucial victory for Union; South lost its chance at gaining international
recognition; defeat of south convinced Lincoln to end slavery
-Emancipation Proclamation: a decree freeing all enslaved persons in states still in rebellion after Jan 1;
didn’t address slavery in border states; transformed war into a war of liberation