Download Levels of Question: “Introduction: Contentious

Levels of Question: “Introduction: Contentious Neighbors in the Western
Hemisphere”
I.
History in Action
Level 1:
1. What motivated Spaniards who came to America?
A: Economic and religious considerations.
2. How much did Spain control?
A: An overseas empire that went from northern California to the southern top of
Chile.
3. When was the “Universal Declaration of Rights of Man” made?
A: 1789
4. When was the U.S Constitution made?
A: 1787
5. Who was John Lynch?
A: A scholar of Latin American Independence.
Level 2:
1. Why did Spaniards came to America?
A: To become merchants and mine operators.
2. How did John Lynch characterized Latin American Independence?
A: With the phrase “same mule, different rider.”
3. How did the English colonies and Spanish differ?
A: The English colonies were not controlled by a specific church just some
protestants who were escaping England. Spanish colonies were controlled not only by
Spain but the Catholic Church.
Level 3:
1. According to John Lynch Latin American Independence was describes as “same
mule, different rider” explain why you think John Lynch would express Latin
American Independence as that?
A: I believe John Lynch called Latin Independence as Same mule different rider
because he saw the Latin Independence as a country that did not welcome another
country (Spain) just like in the United States independence.
II.
Latin American Independence and the Monroe Doctrine
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III.
Mixed Messages: From Big Stick to Good Neighbor
Level 1:
1. What were the three important episodes?
A: The Spanish American War, Theodore Roosevelt’s rise to the presidency, and
Panama’s independence.
2. What did the three episodes establish?
A: They establish a relationship of antagonism between the United States & Latin
American, concerned with the profitability, business, & security than the ideology of
democracy or sovereignty.
3. When was the rise of Theodore Roosevelt presidency?
A: 1901
4. Which country did the U.S. occupy after the Spanish American War?
A: Cuba
5. Who issued the good neighbor policy?
A: Franklin Delano Roosevelt
Level 2:
1. How did the impoverishing effect of the Great Depression bring the Americans
closer together?
A: Allowing for greater culture cooperation & less direct military intervention.
2. How was FDR’s Good Neighbor Policy an attempt to change strategy without
altering the ultimate objective?
A: Securing a sphere of influence in Latin American.
3. Why was Fredrick Pikes work important on FDR & the Good Neighbor Policy?
A: Because it was more the result of confluence of Latin American spiritual &
nonmaterial life.
Level 3:
1. If the Great Depression never occurred & the Good Neighbor policy wasn’t issued
would there had still be U.S. military force in Latin American instead of economic
policies? Why or Why not?
A: U.S. military forces would still be in Latin America because the U.S during the
Great Depression pulled the military force out because It would make the Depression
deeper. So if that did not happen then the military force would still be in the Latin
America
IV.
The Cold War: Latin America in the East-West Struggle
Level 1:
1. When was the bogota conference?
A: 1948
2. Who attacked the Carter administration?
A: Conservative forces in congress and the media
3. When was jimmy Carter elected president?
A: 1977
4. What administration pressured regimes to respect human rights?
A: Carter administration
5. When was the Cuban revolution?
A: 1959
Level 2:
1. What three cases were important during the 1950's?
A: Bolivia, Guatemala, and Cuba
2. When Carter shifted his foreign policy in favor of human rights and democracy,
why did Carter and his advisors believe this policy would regain support for the U.S.
and Latin America?
A: Carter and his advisors believed this policy would regain support for the United
States in Latin America and hoped that finalizing an agreement on the Panama Canal
would repair Washington's tarnished image in the region.
3. How did Carter stay true to his human rights policy?
A: By pressuring illegitimate, reactionary regimes in El Salvador, Guatemala, and
Nicaragua to liberalize.
Level 3:
1. Could Latin America have formed an independent power next to the U.S. and
Soviet Union? Explain.
V.
Reagan’s Election
Level 1:
1. What was the white house determined to do?
A: It was determined to purge communism from the hemisphere.
2. Who took the office in 1981?
A: Reagan.
3. Who served as director of Latin America affairs in the Carter administration?
A: Robert Pastor
4. Who were in the Contadora countries in the year of 1984?
A: Colombia, Mexico, Panama, and Venezula.
5. What were all these countries trying to accomplish?
A: They were working hard in order to find a negotiated solution to the Central
America crisis, putting forth a list of twenty-one principles emphasizing the need for
all extraregional powers to withdraw from the isthmus and for central Americans to
hold “free and fair elections”.
Level 2:
1. Why did President Regan call a former secretary of state Henry Kissinger to chair
a bipartisan commission on Central America?
A: He called on Henry Kissinger to “study the nature of United States interests in the
Central American region and the threats now posed to those interests”
2. How did the conflict in the war-torn societies end?
A: The Costa Rican president initiated the peace process.
3. Why did the new form of cooperation among Latin America countries fail?
A: The process failed because of resistance from the Reagan administration
Level 3:
1. To what extent do you think the U.S. would have gone to purge communism?
A: They would have supported any region that was against communist, as long as
they got rid of it.
VI.
Debt, 1980s Style
Level 1:
1. When was the last decade?
A: 1980s
2. Who said in the 1988/1989 Foreign Affairs article that the 1980s was a lost decade?
A: Margaret Daly Hayes
3. When did Latin America resolve the drug problem in the United States?
A: 1980
4. What brought Latin America into foreign and social ruin?
A: Foreign Debt
5. What created tension between the Americans during 1980s?
A: Drug trafficking
Level 2:
1. Why was Latin America just basically a place to bring about war and an easy place to
manipulate?
A: Because the people were already ruled by a dictator and since it was the US “backyard” they
tested policies that the public didn’t like, which probably brought about wars.
2. Why wasn’t the drug problem resolved?
A: The US policy of punishing countries for “not doing their part” was not being
productive and because it was hypocritical to cooperative relations between Washington
and Latin America.
3. Why didn’t Latin America realize that they kept getting themselves into more and
more debit?
A: Maybe because they didn’t care the wealthy was getting wealthier, and they didn’t
care about the poor and was filled with a lust for money, or maybe the US puppet knew
and didn’t care because he wanted to be wealthy for as long as he lived.
Level 3:
1. Explain how Latin America would be today if they never got themselves into debt with
the US?
A: Maybe Latin America overall would actually be considered an “independent” nation because
then they wouldn’t be dependent on the US and the US wouldn’t have had total or so much
control over Latin America.
VII.
Post-Cold War Optimism and Uncertainty
Level 1:
1. When was the most optimistic period in US-Latin American Relations?
A: During the 1990s
2. When were the Peace accords in El Salvador and Guatemala signed?
A: 1992 in El Salvador, and 1996 in Guatemala.
3. About how much percent of Latin Americans are categorized below the poverty
line?
A: Approximately 43% of Latin Americans are.
4. What year was Bill Clinton elected president?
A: He was elected president in 1992.
5. When did NAFTA go into effect?
A: In January 1st, 1994
Level 2:
1. Why was President Clinton enthusiastically embraced by Latin American leaders?
A: He was an articulate leader who was able to speak and express ideas and issue in a
manner that was favorable to a wide variety of people.
2. Why was NAFTA created? What was its purpose?
A: NAFTA was established to create a free trade zone between U.S, Canada, and
Mexico.
3. Why was EZNL against NAFTA?
A: They questioned whether they would be able to benefit from NAFTA and
predicted that they would never be able to compete with imported goods from the
U.S.
Level 3:
1. If NAFTA had not passed, how would this affect the U.S and Mexico today?
A: NAFTA affected Mexico by putting it in debt and helped the US become a world
economic power. If it never passed, Mexico’s economy may be thriving today and the
US would probably not be as economically powerful as it is today.