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Campus: High School
Author(s):
Wagner,
Segleski
Six Weeks
Period: 5th six
weeks
Timeline: 3
weeks
Date Created / Revised: 7-29-2015
Stated
Objectives:
TEK # and SE
(3) Geography. The physical processes shape patterns in the physical environment
Grade Level & Course: 9th Grade Pre AP World Geography
(B) describe the physical processes that affect the environments of regions,
including tectonic forces
(4) Geography. The patterns and characteristics of major landforms of Earth and
the interrelated processes that produce them
(B) describe different landforms and the physical processes that cause their
development
(22) Social studies skills. The student communicates in written, oral, and visual
forms.
(A) design and draw appropriate graphics such as maps to communicate
geographic features, distributions, and relationships
See Instructional Focus Document (IFD) for TEK Specificity
China’s physical environment is being significantly altered by engineering
Key
projects, especially the Three Gorges Dam.
Understanding
s
Buddhism is the predominant religion of East Asia, although other significant
religions, including Confucianism, Taoism, and Shinto also have a large cultural
impact on countries within the region.
Rapid population growth presents a litany of challenges to the countries of East
Asia, including pollution, overcrowding, and/or inadequate sanitation, water, and
food resources.
The emergence of truly globalized markets has driven the rapid growth of
secondary economic activity in East Asia, most notably in China.
North Korea is characterized by its communist government and command
economy – systems that have impoverished the majority of the population, exist
largely in international isolation, and depend on foreign food assistance.
North Korean belligerence, combined with its pursuit and acquisition of nuclear
weapons, continues to make the Korean Peninsula a volatile region.
Despite exceptions to the policy, China’s one-child policy has proved largely
successful in managing population growth, but is very controversial both within
China and internationally.
The vast majority of East Asians live in coastal regions.
Misconceptions
Key
Vocabulary
China has historically been a communist nation but have
shifted to free economic policies to expand the economy.
Kunlun Mountains, Qinling Shandi
Mountains, Plateau of Tibet,
Taklimakan Desert, The Gobi,
Haung H e, Typhoon, Dynasty,
spheres of influence, Boxer
rebellion, Mao Zedong,
Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism,
Shang dynasty, Zhou dynasty, the
Qin (chinh) dynasty, Han dynasty,
economic tiger, Pacific Rim, Genghis
Khan (Temujin)
Taiwan, Mongolia. Taiwan, Genghis
Khan, Manchu Dynasty, Taiwan's
Population, Three Gorges Dam
Suggested Day
5E Model
Instructional Procedures
(Engage, Explore, Explain, Extend/Elaborate, Evaluate)
Week 4
Teacher will project and trace an outline map on a whiteboard / bed sheet /
shower curtain. Students will be introduced to the key physical locations of East
Asia by taking turns marking the board with symbols and labels, and will create
their own mental map of East Asia after the direct instruction and student practice
is completed.
Engage
Materials,
Resources
, Notes
World
Geography
P. 698-755
Physical
Features of
East Asia
Tectonic forces resulted in the creation of significant chains of mountains in
western and southern China. These regions are sparsely populated.
 Himalayas – the predominant physical feature in southwestern China, the
tallest mountain range in the world divides China from South Asia
 Kunlan Mountains – rising in western China, this chain is the source of
China’s two most important rivers, the Huang He (Yellow River) and the
Chang Jiang (Yangtze River).
 Qinling Shandi Mountains – divide northern and southern China.
 Plateau of Tibet – often referred to as “the Roof of the World,” it is the
highest and largest plateau in the world.
Tectonic forces resulted in the creation of significant chains of mountains in
western and southern China. These regions are sparsely populated.
 Himalayas – the predominant physical feature in southwestern China, the
tallest mountain range in the world divides China from South Asia
 Kunlan Mountains – rising in western China, this chain is the source of
China’s two most important rivers, the Huang He (Yellow River) and the
Chang Jiang (Yangtze River).
 Qinling Shandi Mountains – divide northern and southern China.
 Plateau of Tibet – often referred to as “the Roof of the World,” it is the
highest and largest plateau in the world.
Other significant physical features in China include:
 North China Plain – the largest alluvial plain in East Asia, the Plain is China’s
agricultural heartland and is one of the most densely populated regions on
Earth.
 Gobi Desert – the fifth largest desert in the world, the Gobi dominates the
landscape of northern and northwestern China
What
unique
landmarks
shape East
Asia’s
physical
landscape?
How do
landforms
and
physical
processes
impact the
climate of
East Asia?
Economics

Taklamakan Desert – located in western China, the Taklamakan is one of the
largest sandy deserts in the world.
o Both the Gobi and the Taklamakan are expanding in size, a
consequence of continued desertification in the region.

Tectonic forces resulted in the creation of the islands of Japan, which
continue to experience volcanic activity and earthquakes today.
Place students into groups of four. Each person in the group will be provided
data for each of the four countries at below.
Instruct students to compare their data to the descriptions of one type of economic
activity for their country.
Instruct each student to compare their country’s data to another group member’s.
It will prove helpful to students if the teacher models a conversation about
comparisons for the whole class.
After students have had the opportunity to compare their country to their
neighbors’, engage the whole class in discussion about the relationship between
economic activity and related indicators like GDP.
Subsistence Agriculture in Mongolia
 The majority of the population in non-urban areas participates in subsistence
herding.
o Livestock typically consists of sheep, goats, cattle, horses, and
camels.
o Agricultural crops include wheat, barley, potato, vegetables, tomato,
watermelon, sea-buckthorn and fodder crops.
 This activity accounts for 21% of GDP and 34% of the labor force.
Commercial Agriculture in China
 China is one of the world's largest producers and consumers of agricultural
products – and some 300 million Chinese farm workers are in the industry,
mostly laboring on small pieces of land about the size of U.S farms.
o Virtually all arable land is used for food crops.
o China is the world's largest producer of rice and is among the
principal sources of wheat, corn (maize), tobacco, soybeans, peanuts
(groundnuts), cotton, potatoes, sorghum, peanuts, tea, millet, barley,
oilseed, pork, and fish.
o Despite its production, and because of its enormous population,
China is a net importer of foodstuffs.
 Agricultural production accounts for just 10.6% of China’s GDP, but
constitutes 39.5% of its labor pool.
Manufacturing in South Korea
 39.1% of South Korea’s GDP is generated by industrial production,
employing 25.4% of the labor force.
o South Korea produces electronics, robotics, automobiles, ships,
textiles, chemicals, and aerospace technologies among other
manufactured goods.
Service Industries in Japan
 Japan's service sector accounts for about three-quarters (76.5%) of its total
economic output and 68% of its employment.
o Banking, insurance, real estate, retailing, transportation, and
telecommunications are all major industries.
Barriers and
Ask students to brainstorm about divisions or barriers that exist in their lives or in
their communities. What cause those divisions / barriers? After sharing out
.
What
examples of
different
types of
economic
activity can
be found in
East Asia?
Divisions
student ideas, explain to students that there are numerous barriers in East Asia:
some historic, some contemporary, and some perceptual. Provide students the
examples found below.
Great Wall of China
 The Great Wall of China was built between the 5th century B.C.E. & 16th
century C.E.
o It stretches over 4,000 miles & was built to protect China from
foreign invaders.
The DMZ (Demilitarized Zone)
 The Korean War resulted in an armistice between South Korea (which had
been supported by United Nations forces led by the United States) and North
Korea (supported by China and the Soviet Union). The armistice was signed
in 1953.
 The Korean Peninsula remains divided today: the DMZ is the no-man’s land
that runs roughly along the 38th parallel that forms the border between North
and South Korea.
 This political boundary remains one of the most heavily militarized borders in
the world.
o The U.S. maintains over 30,000 military personnel in South Korea to
deter a resumption of hostilities.
What
human
processes,
including
war, have
lead to the
formation
of
boundaries
and other
divisions in
East Asia?
China and Taiwan
 After losing the civil war to the Communist Chinese and fleeing to Taiwan in
1949, Chinese Nationalists regard the Communist government as illegitimate.
 The communist government in Beijing, in turn, regards Taiwan as a renegade
province, and has tried repeatedly to persuade / coerce the island back into the
People’s Republic.
o China refuses to acknowledge any possibility of there being “Two
Chinas.”
 Recently, Taiwan's relations with the mainland have improved, most notably
with a new trade agreement that strengthens economic ties between China and
Taiwan.
Week 4
Three Gorges
Dam
Before explaining the consequences of the construction of the Three Gorges Dam, show students
the progression of satellite imagery and ask them to predict the consequences of its construction.
Three Gorges Dam
 The world’s largest dam, it was built on Chang Jiang (Yangtze) River to control flooding
and to provide hydroelectric power. The dam also allows for easier access to China’s
interior by allowing ships to sail farther up the river.
 The construction required the forced displacement of over one million people and has raised
concerns of negative environmental and social impacts, including:
o The dam alters the river’s ecosystem. Hundreds of animal & plant species have
lost their natural habitat.
o The dam sits on a fault line making it prone to damage via potential earthquakes.
o 13 cities, 140 towns and 100’s of villages were evacuated in order to make way for
the reservoir that the dam is creating.
 Over one million people were relocated as a result of the project.
o Archeological sites have been lost.
Referring back, have students create a double-bubble thinking map comparing and contrasting
Buddhism and Hinduism.
How has
the Three
Gorges
Dam
modified
and
impacted
the
physical
and
human
environm
ent?
Religion
Buddhism
 Buddhism is a spiritual tradition that focuses on personal spiritual development and the
attainment of a deep insight into the true nature of life.
 Derived from Hinduism and based on the Four Noble Truths (truths of life) and the
Eightfold Path (guide towards attaining enlightenment).
o It was founded by Siddhartha Gautama over 2500 years ago. Gautama had sought
many paths to enlightenment – when he achieved enlightenment, he became the
Buddha.
 There is no belief in a personal God. Buddhists believe that nothing is fixed or permanent change is always possible.
 While Buddhism originated in northern India, it spread throughout Asia over time.
o For example, Buddhism arrived in China in the first century C.E., largely as a
result of the active east-west trade along the Silk Road.
o The diffusion of Buddhism can be traced by examining when images of Buddha
began to appear in the art and literature of a region / culture.
 Holidays include Buddha Day.
 Places of worship are temples.
 Symbols include the prayer wheel and Buddha.
The Silk Road
China was the birthplace of two major ethical traditions or philosophies, Confucianism and
Taoism – traditions which continue to influence cultural and religious practices throughout the
region.
 Philosophy – search for meaning through intellectual activity and moral self-discipline
Confucianism
 Confucius was a Chinese philosopher who lived from 551-479 B.C.E.
o His philosophy emphasized personal and governmental morality, correctness of
social relationships, justice and sincerity.
o This philosophy of living became known as Confucianism.
 In Confucianism, human beings are teachable, improvable and perfectible through personal
and communal effort.
o A main idea of Confucianism is the cultivation of virtue and the development of
moral perfection.
o Confucianism holds that one should give up one's life, if necessary, either passively
or actively, for the sake of upholding the cardinal moral values.
Taoism (pronounced Dow-ism)
 Taoism gets its name from a book called the Tao Te Ching, which was based on the teaching
of Lao Tzu who lived in the 6th century B.C.E.
o He believed in the importance in preserving and restoring harmony in the
individual and the universe.
What are
the major
character
istics of
East
Asian
religions
and
religious
philosop
hies?
How are
religions
spatially
distribute
d in East
Asia?



Taoism promotes achieving harmony or union with nature, the pursuit of spiritual
immortality, virtuous living, and self-development.
Taoism is a religion of unity and opposites: Yin and Yang.
o The principle of Yin Yang sees the world as filled with complementary forces:
action and non-action, light and dark, hot and cold, etc.
The Tao is not God and is not worshipped. Taoism includes many deities that are
worshipped in Taoist temples – they are of the universe and depend, like everything, on the
Tao (the way).
Shinto
 Shinto is an indigenous Japanese belief system, in which devotion to invisible spiritual
beings and powers called kami is essential.
o Kami are not gods. They are spirits that are concerned with human beings – they
appreciate humans’ interest in them and want people to be happy.
o If they are treated properly they will intervene in people’s lives and bring benefits
like health, business success, etc.
o Rituals a performed to honor the kami.
o Many Japanese have a small shrine in the home.
o Large shrines draw visitors from across the country.
 Because ritual rather than belief is at the heart of Shinto, Japanese people don't usually
think of Shinto specifically as a religion – it is simply an aspect of Japanese life.
o This has enabled Shinto to coexist with Buddhism for centuries.

In many East Asian countries, religious and philosophical belief is intertwined, with, for
example, Buddhism. Confucianism and Taoism also have cultural significance in China.
Ask students whether or not they think it is unfair to call one belief system a religion, while
referring to another as a spiritual or religious philosophy.
Students have now been introduced to numerous world religions this year. Print some
representative pictures that capture an essential characteristic of each religion (animism,
Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Sikhism, Buddhism, Confucianism, and Shinto). Good
images might include representative architecture, rituals, holy sites, etc. Set up a learning station
activity with the images, stressing the spatial distribution of the different religions around the
world.
Population
Global Population Trends
 The human population took approximately 250,000 years to reach one billion in 1800.
 As a consequence of the Industrial Revolution and related scientific and medical advances,
the population grew to two billion by the 1920s.
 Since then, the global population has grown quickly:
o 3 billion by 1960
o 4 billion by 1975
o 5 billion by 1987
o 6 billion by 1990
o 7 billion in late 2011 (projected)
o 8 billion by 2030 (projected)
o 9 billion by 2050 (projected)
 Despite this growth, the global fertility rate has been falling for over forty years, so
population growth is projected to peak at 9 billion and then stabilize.
Patterns of Settlement of China
 Western China with its rugged mountainous landscape and arid climate is sparsely
populated. Whereas the Eastern Coastal region the most populated region of China
Trends In East Asia – China
 China has had the largest population in the world for hundreds of years.
o Census statistics show that China’s population already exceeded 500 million in the
1950s.
o By 1990, it had doubled to over one billion.
o It is estimated that China’s population is approximately 1.3 billion today (one in
What
cultural
influence
s does
religion
have on
East
Asia?
How has
China’s
populatio
n
changed
over
time?

five of the world’s inhabitants is Chinese)
Despite its massive population, China’s population growth has slowed when compared to
other countries with large populations, such as India.
o India’s population nears 1.2 billion, but it has a much higher growth rate (1.545%)
than China (0.47%).
o For this reason, it is predicted that India will become the world’s most populous
country in less than twenty years.
Prediction Café – Using the information at left and at right, create a class set of index cards
(enough so that every student has one). On each card, write or place one of ten “population
predictors:” a population fact that lends itself to conversation. For example, on card could
simply read, “7 billion in 2011, 9 billion by 2050” or a card to contain two population pyramids,
one of which projects future population growth. The idea behind the Predication Café is that
students will circulate at prescribed intervals and discuss with their various partners the data on
the cards. For this activity, students should frame their discussions in relation to the question,
“What implications does this (fact) have on the future?”
It is only necessary to have about ten different facts circulating around the room – if students
meet another students with the same card, they can compare their predictions.
Week 6
Japan
 One of the most densely populated countries in the world, Japan’s population is in decline.
o When considering available arable land, Japan’s population density is about 7,219
persons per square mile (443 persons per square mile in the U.S.)
o Much like some European nations, Japan faces significant challenges that stem
from its below-replacement fertility rate
Population Indicators – Japan

Japan’s population is a result of not only a falling birth rate, but also immigration policies
that greatly restrict the arrival of foreign workers.
o Japan’s population is over 98% Japanese.
What
challenge
s does
Japan
face as a
result of
its
declining
populatio
n?
How has
technolo
gy and
innovatio
n eased
burdens
of high
populatio
n density
in Japan?
Have students compare the growth rates of China, Japan, and India, and to discuss their
economic implications for Asia’s future.
Rural to Urban
Migration in
China

Over the past twenty years, migration patterns from rural to urban areas have dramatically
increased.
o The estimated number of migrants over that 20 year period is ~150 million (biggest
such shift in human history).
o The estimate for the next 20-30 years is ~300 million Chinese migrants will leave
the countryside for China’s growing cities.
o The majority of these migrants are young adults: those that are willing to leave
their villages in order to engage in wage labor, employment that older, rural
Chinese are less willing to do.
What
factors
affect the
pattern of
rural to
urban
migratio
n in
China?



China’s one
child policy
o By 2020, there will be 70 to 100 cities with over one million people.
China’s economic boom, which has been largely fueled by industrial production, has
increased the demand for unskilled labor in factories and workshops.
o It is estimated that roughly 20 percent of the Chinese population was urban in
1980.
o By 2000, the urban population was an estimated 36%.
o In 2009, the urban population was estimated at 46% of the total population.
Projections place the urban population as high as 70% by 2025.
o The Chinese government is conducting a massive census in 2011 – its findings
should confirm this remarkable transformation of Chinese society.
Massive migration occurs every year when millions of Chinese workers return to their rural
homes during Chinese New Year celebrations.
The rapid urbanization of China poses numerous challenges, including:
o Industrial pollution
o Overcrowding
o Lack of affordable housing
o Inadequate infrastructure
China’s One Child Policy
 In an effort to slow China’s population growth, the Chinese government implemented a onechild policy in 1979.
o Under the policy, married couples were limited to having one child.
o Those that complied with the policy might be rewarded by the state; those that did
not might face penalties.
o The policy has been successful in slowing China’s population growth (see above).
 Over time, exceptions to the policy grew more common. Exceptions include:
o Rural Chinese are usually allowed a second child (agriculture is labor intensive)
o Ethnic minorities are exempt from the policy
o Parents who lack siblings are sometimes permitted two children
o About 40% of the population is still subject to the one-child policy
 Despite its overall success in limiting China’s population growth, the one-child policy has
numerous consequences, including:
o Social unrest – people resent being told how many children they can legally have
o Economic strain – farming families need to be large in order to fulfill the labor
needs of the farm; an aging population depends on the young to care for them in
their later years
o Gender imbalance – as a result of cultural preferences for boys and the availability
of prenatal screening technology, many parents chose to terminate pregnancies or
to practice infanticide if the baby is female.
 Gender ratios in some regions in China are greatly skewed (well beyond
the 105 male births to 100 female births rate that is considered natural).
 130 boys to 100 girls is not uncommon
 This imbalance has grown over time
 The imbalance is even greater when considering second and third births
(i.e. parents who may have accepted a female first child are more willing
to terminate later pregnancies if they would not produce a son)
 Similar ratios can be found in northern India, Taiwan, and Singapore.
 The problem is compounded by China’s economic growth: globally,
fertility rates decline when people have more money, become more
educated, and live in cities. These improvements in standard of living
reduce the desire for large families.
 Tens of millions of Chinese men are / will be unable to find wives: this
leads reduced social status, higher crime rates marked by increases in
bride trafficking, rape, etc., and suicide.
 Increasingly, the one-child policy has been criticized within China (a substantial
development, considering the state-censorship of the media):
o Many claim the policy is no longer necessary because of its success: declining
fertility rates and slowed population growth
o Some experts claim that China’s fertility is actually lower than official figures
indicate. If so, they point out that China has a looming problem: providing
services to its massive and aging population.
What
different
opinions
exist
(locally
and
internatio
nally) in
regard to
China’s
one-child
policy?

EconomyCommunism to
Free Market
In the “Little Tigers” (Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, and South Korea) fertility rates have
also dropped below replacement rate. Despite government efforts to encourage childrearing, only South Korea has had sustained success in its attempts.
o Like in some European countries, this East Asian nations have encouraged childbearing through incentives, including:
 Subsidizing kindergartens
 Flexible work hours for mothers
 Free schooling
 Maternity pay
o Like other more developed nations, the wealthier and better educated the
population, the lower the fertility rate.
China’s Continuing Transition From a Communist (command) to a Free Enterprise (market)
Economic System
 China's economy since the late 1970s has changed from a closed, centrally planned
(communist) system to a more market-oriented (free-enterprise) one that plays a major role
in the global economy.
o Reforms began with the phasing out of collectivized agriculture, and expanded to
include the gradual liberalization of prices, fiscal decentralization, increased
autonomy for state enterprises, creation of a diversified banking system,
development of stock markets, rapid growth of the private sector, and opening to
foreign trade and investment.
 In 2010 China became the world's largest exporter.
 China generally has implemented reforms in a gradual fashion.
o As a result, China, like most countries, has a mixed economy that is subject to state
intervention and/or regulation.
o However, China has not made political reforms to accompany its economic
reforms. The country remains, politically, an authoritarian, communist state.
How has
China
changed
over the
past 30
years?
China’s Nominal GDP Growth (1952 – 2009)
Accommodations for
Special Populations
Accommodations for instruction will be provided as stated on each student’s (IEP) Individual
Education Plan for special education, 504, at risk, and ESL/Bilingual.