Download unit 3: animal anatomy and physiology

UNIT 3: ANIMAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Section 3.1 Organ systems
 Cells are the smallest functional unit of life. Cells
similar in shape and function work together as
tissues. The human body has 4 kinds of tissues:
i. epithelial
ii. connective
iii. muscle
iv. nervous
 Different types of tissues form organs to carry out
particular functions. Hands, kidneys, heart, liver, skin
are some of the complex organs of your body.
 An organ system is a group of organs that has
related structures.
 Human organ systems:
Organ system
Major organs
Digestive
Oesophagus,
stomach,
intestines, liver,
pancreas
Circulatory
Heart, blood
vessels
Respiratory
Lungs, trachea,
blood vessels
Major function
Physical and
chemical
breakdown of
food
Transportation of
nutrients, gases,
and wastes;
defence against
infection
Gas exchange
Reproductive
Excretory
Locomotion
Endocrine
nervous
Testes, vas
deferens,
ovaries, uterus,
fallopian tubes,
glands
Kidneys, bladder,
ureter, urethra,
liver
Bones, muscle
Sexual
reproduction
Removal of
wastes
Movement of
body and body
parts
Pancreas,
Coordination and
pituitary gland,
chemical
adrenal glands
regulation of
body activities
Brain, spinal
Response to
cord, eyes, ears, environment,
nose, tongue,
control of body
peripheral nerves activities.
Monitoring organs:
Technology provides many diagnostic tools for
examining human organs;
 X-rays – bones and some internal organs by
ingestion of metallic compounds.
 CT scan – computed tomography provides
information regarding structure
 Nuclear imaging – provides information regarding
function of an organ. Inject radionuclides into the
body and check for collection in target organs.
 MRI – magnetic resonance imaging provides
information regarding both structure and function.
The instrument uses magnetic forces and radio
waves.