Download Lab 9- Gas Exchange

BIO 152
Dr. Anastasia
REVIEW SHEET – PRACTICAL EXAM II- BIO 152 Fall 2013
Lab 7 Nutrition for Protists, Plants and Invertebrates
*be able to identify paramecium and know how they feed
*know examples of animals with gastrovascular cavities, how many openings these cavities have and how nutrients are
transported to all the cells
*know examples of animals with alimentary canals (complete guts), how many openings these guts have and how
nutrients are transported to all the cells
*Know the following structures and their functions
-Hydra – tentacles, mouth, how it eats, gastrovascular cavityand its advantage over food vacuoles, only
2 layers of cells
-Planaria – highly branched digestive tract = gastrovascular cavity and its advantage
-Earthworm – alimentary canal, the parts of the digestive tract from mouth to anus, typhlosole
Lab 8 Vertebrate Nutrition
-know how specialization in teeth, shape of bills, function of the tongue, length of digestive tract, presence or
absence of organs (ex: gallbladder) can tell you about the animals diet
-know the different types of teeth (incisors, canines, premolars and molars) how to write a dental formula if given
a complete skull
-on the slides of the stomach, small intestine and large intestine, be able to identify the mucosa, submucosa,
muscularis and serosa and know what type of tissue each layer is made of. Know whether villi are present.
-know how bile and lipase are involved in lipid digestion
Know the following structures and their functions:
-Shark – teeth, tongue, esophagus (papillae), stomach, intestine (spiral valve), liver, gallbladder, pancreas
-Frog – teeth, glottis, tongue, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus, liver, gallbladder,
pancreas
-Rat –esophagus, stomach, small intestine, cecum, large intestine, rectum, anus, liver, pancreas
-Human - teeth, glottis, epiglottis, tongue, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, cecum, large intestine, rectum,
anus, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
Lab 9- Gas Exchange
For each organism observed in lab, know the organs and structures used for gas exchange, how they are ventilated
and how they function in that organism’s habitat
-know the difference between positive pressure breathing (frog) and negative pressure breathing (rat and human)
-know how your chest cavity (thoracic cavity) expands during inhalation and gets smaller during exhalation
-know how exercise & holding your breath change the breathing rate
-on the model and slide of a leaf cross section be able to identify and give the function of the epidermis, pallisade
layer, spongy mesophyl, guard cells, stomata
-know how guard cells function (pumping of potassium) to open and close stomata
Know the following structures and their functions, know how each animal ventilates their respiratory surface:
-Squid – gills, funnel-siphon, mantle
-Clam – incurrent and excurrent siphons, mantle, gills
-Goldfish - operculum and gills
-Horseshoe Crab- book gills: opercula(flaps) and the gill lamellae (surface of gas exchange)
-Shark – Gills, spiracle
-Grasshopper – spiracles (which lead to tracheal tubes)
-Frog –lungs, glottis
-Rat - trachea, bronchi, lungs, diaphragm, ribs and intercostal muscles
-Human- trachea, bronchi, lungs, diaphragm, ribs and intercostal muscles
Lab 10: Transport in Plants and Invertebrates
*For each of the following slides or models, know how to identify the structures listed and what their functions are…
Model of Root:
Cortex, endodermis (casparian strip), vascular cylinder, xylem and phloem
Model of Monocot Stem and Model of Woody Dicot Stem:
Vascular bundle, xylem, phloem, cambium
BIO 152
Dr. Anastasia
Slide of cross sections of monocot and dicot stems:
Be able to say which is which, vascular bundles, xylem and phloem, know the significance of the
arrangement of vascular bundles for plant growth
Model of Leaf:
Epidermis, xylem, phloem, stoma and guard cells
*Be able to explain why water moves up faster when leaves are present than when they are absent from celery stalks
*Know the effect of sun, wind, and humidity on transpiration and the movement of water through a plant
*Know the difference between open and closed circulatory systems, what fluid circulates in each and examples of animals
with each
*know the effects of the chemicals used in lab on heart rate in Daphnia
Lab 11 Vertebrate Circulation
*For each of the following dissections, models or slides, know how to identify the structures listed and where blood is
traveling to or from, how blood circulates through the systems, whether it is oxygenated or deoxygenated…
Shark Dissection:
Atrium, Ventricle, conus arteriosus, ventral aorta, dorsal aorta, posterior cardinal veins,
sinus venosus
Rat Dissection:
Ventricles and atria of heart, ascending aorta or aortic arch, superior and posterior vena cava, abdominal
aorta
Human Torso Model:
ascending aorta, brachiocephalic artery, common carotid arteries, subclavian arteries and veins, anterior &
posterior (or superior & inferior) vena cava, abdominal aorta, pulmonary arteries and veins
Human Heart Model:
Right and left atria and ventricles, the semilunar (aortic and pulmonary) and atrioventricular (bicuspid and
tricuspid) valves, superior and inferior vena cavas, aorta, pulmonary arteries and veins
Slide of artery and vein:
Be able to say which is which and which layers differ in thickness, and the direction of blood flow in each
Slide of blood smears:
Erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets and how to distinguish mammals from other vertebrates
*Know what systole and diastole are and during which phase blood pressure is higher
Lab 12 – Excretion and Osmoregulation
*Know the three types of nitrogenous wastes, their relative toxicity and which organisms secrete each, how this is
correlated with habitat and reproductive mode
*Know the types of tubular excretory systems that are found in various groups of animals (protonephridia, metanephridia,
malpighian tubules, kidneys)
*know what happens as far as urine characteristics and production when a person drinks a salty solution, a mildly salty
solution or pure water
*know that a urinalysis can be used to test for glucose levels, protein levels, pH, specific gravity, and the presence of
blood- atypical levels of which may indicate abnormalities or disease
*For each of the following dissections, slides or models, know how to identify the structures listed and what their
functions are…
Rat dissection:
Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
Model of Kidney:
Cortex, medulla, renal pelvis, ureter
Model of Nephron:
Glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule, proximal and distal convoluted tubules, ascending and descending limb
of the loop of Henle, collecting duct
Slide of sagittal section of a kidney:
Cortex and medulla, bowman’s capsules