Download Solomon_Chapter_14__Gene_Regulation_Worksheet

Solomon Chapter 14 Gene Regulation Worksheet
1. Mechanisms that regulate gene expression include:
2. ___________________________________________ is the most efficient mechanism
of gene regulation in bacteria.
3. ___________________________________________ are genes that encode essential
protein that are in constant use.
4. A gene complex consisting of a group of structural genes with related functions and the
DNA sequences responsible for controlling them is known as an ___________________
5. A group of functionally related genes may be controlled by one __________________
that is located upstream from the coding sequences.
6. The _________________ is a sequence of bases that switches mRNA synthesis “on”
or “off”.
7. An ______________ inactivates a repressor in order to turn “on” a gene or operon.
8. Repressible operons are turned “off” when a repressor is activated by binding to a
_________________________________
9. Protein levels can be controlled by transcriptional level control. Other regulatory
mechanisms that occur after transcription are referred to as ____________________
_______________________________
10. ____________________________ is when a product blocks its own production by
binding to an enzyme that is required to generate that product.
11. RNA polymerase in multicellular eukaryotes binds to a portion of the promoter
known as the _______________________
12. The efficiency of a eukaryotic promoter depends largely on the number and type
of _____________________________________________________
13. Highly coiled and compacted chromatin containing inactive genes is called
(a) _________________________________________________, whereas loosely
coiled chromatin containing genes capable of transcription is referred to as
(b) ____________________________________
14. Through ________________________________________, the cells in each tissue
produce their own version of mRNA corresponding to the particular gene.
15. The addition or removal of phosphate groups is an example of _________________,
a mechanism used by eukaryotic cells to regulate protein activity.
16. Enzymes that modify chemicals by adding phosphate groups are called
____________________________________
17. Enzymes that modify chemicals by removing phosphate groups are called
_______________________________
Prefixes
coeuheterohomo-
The meaning
with, together, in association
good, well, “true”
different, other
same
Prefixes
Suffixes
__________ -chromatin
Definition
1. Chromatin that appears loosely coiled. Because it is the
only chromatin capable of transcription, it is considered
to be the “good” or “true” chromatin
_________
-chromatin
2. The inactive chromatin that appears highly coiled and
compacted, and is generally not capable of transcription.
(chromatin that is “different from” or “other than” the
euchromatin)
_________
-repressor
3. A substance that, together with a repressor, represses
protein synthesis in a specific gene.
_________
- dimer
4. a dimer in which the two component polypeptides are
different
Matching
a. allosteric binding site
b. constitutive gene
c. enhancer
d. gene amplification
e. inducible system
f. operator
k. translational control
g. operon
h. repressible system
i. repressor
j. transcriptional control
___ 1. One of the control responses of an operon
___ 2. a site located on an enzyme that enables a substance other than the normal
substrate to bind to the molecule, and to change the shape of the molecule and
the activity of the enzyme.
___ 3. a regulatory protein that represses expression of a specific gene
___ 4. a regulatory mechanism that controls the rate at which a particular mRNA
molecule is translated
___ 5. Process by which multiple copies of a gene are produced by selective replication,
thus allowing increased synthesis of the gene product
___ 6. Genes that are constantly transcribed
___ 7. In prokaryotes, a group of structural genes that are coordinately controlled and
transcribed as a single message, plus their adjacent regulatory elements
___ 8. Regulatory elements that can be located long distances away from the actual
coding regions of a gene
___ 9. Control in which the presence of a substrate induces the synthesis of an enzyme
Making Comparisons
Regulatory event
protein dimers held together by leucine
genes are inducible only during specific
phases of life cycle
#2
Name
Leucine zipper proteins
#1
molecular chaperones
phenotypic expression is determined by
whether an allele is inherited from the male
or the female parent
#4
#3
adjusts the rate of synthesis in a metabolic
pathway
help form an active transcription initiation
complex thereby increasing the rate of
RNA synthesis
regulate the rate of mRNA translation
#5
posttranslational controls
#6
#7
___ 1. Genes that code for proteins that are constantly needed for survival of an organism
are called
a. promoters
b. constitutive genes c. operons d. repressor genes
e. always “on”
___ 2. A repressor usually controls an inducible gene by
a. keeping it “turned off” b. suppressing mRNA production c. reducing
product resulting from an active inducer
d. controlling the number of
enzyme molecules
e. transduction
___ 3. The basic way(s) that cells control their metabolic activities is/are by
a. regulating enzyme activity b. mutations c. developing different genes for
different purposes d. controlling the number of enzyme molecules
e. transduction
___ 4. Feedback inhibition is an example of
a. transcriptional control b. pretranscriptional control c. control mechanism
affecting events after translation d. an inducible system e. a repressible system
___ 5. The lactose repressor
a. can convert to an operator b. is several bases upstream from the operator
c. is downstream from RNA polymerase coding sequences d. becomes an
activator when lactose is present e. is continuously “on”
___ 6. The genes and genetic information in different cells of multicellular organisms are
a. all slightly different b. distinctly different c. identical in the same tissues,
different in different tissues
d. identical e. almost all identical
___ 7. Replication of specific genes in cells that need more of them is an example of
a. magnification
b. amplification
c. induction d. a positive control system
e. a regulon
___ 8. One would expect a gene involved in the manufacture of ATP to be
a. “off” usually b. always “on” c. facultative d. a constitutive gene
e. sometimes “off”, sometimes “on”
___ 9. The tryptophan operon in E. coli is
a. usually on b. on in the absence of corepressor c. repressed only when
tryptophan binds to repressor d. an inducible system e. a repressible system
___ 10. UPEs
a. are in DNA near promoters b. are amino acids c. seem to determine the
strength of a repressor d. are sequences of DNA bases
e. affect promoter activity
___ 11. The lactose operon in E. coli
a. contains three structural genes b. is turned on by a repressor c. is a
repressor
d. is transcribed as part of a single RNA molecule e. is an
inducible system
___ 12. “Zinc fingers” seems to be involved in
a. unwinding DNA b. activating transcription
c. insertion of a regulator
domain into grooves of DNA
d. binding a regulatory protein to DNA
e. blocking posttransciptional events
___ 13. A tightly coiled portion of DNA that contains inactive genes is
a. called heterochromatin
b. called euchromatin
c. found in most
eukaryotes and few prokaryotes
d. found only in prokaryotes
e. found only in eukaryotes