Download Chapter 16: Cells—The Units of Life

Chapter 2 Section 3: Discovering Cells
A. Cells help living creatures with activities of life such as movement,
growth, and reproduction
1. The _____ _______developed after Robert Hooke invented the
microscope in 1665. Hooke was the first to see cells in pieces of cork.
2. Van Leeuwenhoek – looked at pond water, gum scrapings and
observed tiny organisms that moved. (Animalcules)
3. ______________ – plants are made of cells
4. ______________ – animals are made of cells
5. ______________ – all cells come from cells
6. Cell theory –
a. All __________ things are made of one or more cells.
b. The cell is the _______ ______ of structure and function of all
living things.
c. All cells come from cells that already _________.
7. Bacteria are one-celled organisms; larger organisms are made of many
cells, sometimes trillions of cells
8. A microscope’s ________________ is found by multiplying the powers
of the eyepiece and the objective lens.
Section 4: Looking Inside Cells
A. Cells are composed of parts that do ____________ jobs.
1. The flexible _____ _____________ is the boundary of the cell and
helps control what enters and exits the cell; some cells have a
______ _______ that helps support and protect the cell
2. _________________ is a gelatin like substance containing many
chemicals the cell needs.
3. Specialized cell parts called ___________ do various jobs within a cell.
4. The _____________ (control center of the cell) contains hereditary
material called chromosomes.
5. ___________ ____________ – controls what goes in and out of the
nucleus and protects the nucleus
6. ______________ – contain genetic material, instructions for the cell
7. ______________ – makes ribosomes
8. _______________ are storage organelles for food, water, and wastes.
Vacuoles are larger in plants
9. ________________ cellular respiration uses oxygen to convert food
energy into a form the cell can use.
1. Waste products of cellular respiration are carbon dioxide and
water.
2. Leaf cells in plants contain ______________ that help the cell
make its own food through ____________________.
10. _____________ _____________ – transportation system of the cell.
11. _________ ________ - package and distribute proteins to where
they need to go within the cell
12. _____________ – make proteins
13. _____________ – break down certain materials in the cell (digestion).
They are more numerous in animals cells.
DISCUSSION QUESTION:
What are organelles? specialized cell parts that do various jobs within a cell
B. The cells in many-celled organisms are _____________ in shape and size for
their function.
1. ____________ specialized cells include fat cells, bone cells, nerve
cells, and muscle cells.
a. ______ cells can store so much fat that the nucleus is pressed
against the cell membrane.
b. A hard calcium and phosphorus material surrounds ______ cells.
c. ___________ cells have many long branches to send and
receive messages.
d. ___________ cells have fibers that can contract and relax.
2. _________ cells in leaves, stems, and roots are specialized to move
food and water or to support the plant.
C. Cells are ___________ so they can work together to keep the organism alive.
1. ____________ are groups of similar cells that do the same kind of
work; two or more tissues that work together form an _________.
2. Groups of organs that work together to perform a job are called
________ ____________.
DISCUSSION QUESTION:
In what two general ways are cells specialized according to their function? size
and shape