Download exam #3 study guide

STUDY GUIDE FOR FINAL EXAM (60 points)
Physical Anthropology/ Waters
The exam will consist of 60 multiple-choice, true/false and matching questions on the topics listed below (based on lecture
material, readings and in-class films). Ten questions will be on “review topics” included on previous exams.
If you’ve missed any classes, check with another student about copying lecture notes (outside of class), obtain class
handouts from the instructor during scheduled office hours and check the class website for online materials for some of the
class lectures. To help you prepare for the exam, reference the following on the class website: Final Exam Handouts,
Strategies for Successfully Completing This Class and Physical Anthropology Tutorials.
BE PREPARED (bring Scantron 882 and at least one pencil), and BE ON TIME (exam will be marked down 5% if you’re
more than 10 minutes late).
# of exam questions for each chapter/topic indicated in blue
“REVIEW TOPICS” (10)

Anthropology and its various subdisciplines

Science and the scientific method (related concepts)

Natural selection

Microevolution vs. Macroevolution

Basic principles of classification (e.g. the cladistics approach, ancestral vs. derived traits)

Paleospecies vs. Biological Species concept
INTRODUCTION TO PALEOANTHROPOLOGY (CHAPTER 9) (6)
 Factors that increase likelihood of fossilization and challenges with interpreting fossil evidence
 Proconsul
 The bipedal adaptation and distinguishing features of the family Hominidae
HOMINID ORIGINS IN AFRICA (CHAPTER 10) (11)
 Importance of the discovery of Sahelanthropus tchadensis
 “In Search of the First Humans”: the significance of the Orrorin find, why it’s considered a hominid
 Distinguishing features of Australopithecus and Paranthropus (aka “Robust” Australopithecus)
 The importance of the discovery of Australopithecus afarensis
 Homo habilus (distinguishing physical and behavioral features)
HOMO ERECTUS (CHAPTER 11, up to page 317) (4)
 Homo erectus (distinguishing physical and behavioral features, and geographic locations)
NEANDERTHALS (CHAPTER 12, up to page 355) (9)
 Neanderthals (distinguishing physical and behavioral features, and geographic locations)
 Debate regarding interbreeding of Neanderthals with Homo sapiens
HOMO SAPIENS (CHAPTER 13) (8)
 Debate over the origins of H. sapiens: The Complete Replacement Model (“Out of Africa”) vs. The Regional

Continuity Model (“Multiregional Evolution”)
Upper Paleolithic Culture (e.g. examples of technology and art)
NAGPRA (Optional article: Whose Ancestor is He?) (2)
 The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act and Kennewick Man controversy
FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY (Optional article: Profile of An Anthropologist, No Bone Unturned) (4)
 General understanding of the role of a forensic anthropologist
 Sex determination of the human cranium and pelvis
HUMAN VARIATION & ADAPTATION (CH 14 up to page 402, and CH 15 up to page 433) (6)
 Examples showing correlation between climate and physical features (e.g. skin color, body proportions)
 “Race” as a cultural concept (the argument that it does not exist and isn’t a valid in the classification of diversity)
vs. race as a valid and useful concept in anthropology