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Genetics (Ch. 11 and 14) – What to Know
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Know all vocabularies.
Identify at least THREE reasons why pea plants are ideal for Mendel to study.
Describe Mendel’s classic monohybrid and dihybrid pea plant experiments.
Explain how Mendel’s approach is unique among his contemporaries.
Summarize Mendel’s conclusions about inheritance.
State the two laws of Mendelian genetics: segregation and independent assortment. Explain how
Mendel arrives at these two laws.
Distinguish genotype from phenotype.
Explain how probability laws can be applied to predicting outcomes of crosses.
Apply the laws of probability to solve genetics problems.
Identify, explain, and give examples of incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple alleles, and
polygenic traits.
Explain how phenotypes of a polygenic trait (such as human height) often follow a bell curve
distribution. (Hint: Re-watch Bozeman podcast on Advanced Genetics)
Explain and give an example of epistasis.
Explain how environmental factors can affect a phenotype.
Explain how pedigrees can be used to predict outcomes of genetic crosses. Explain what kind of traits
for which pedigrees can be used.
Explain how human genetic traits/diseases are inherited (recessively and dominantly) and be able to
apply this knowledge by solving genetics problems.
Explain briefly how small changes in DNA cause genetic disorders.
Explain why X-linked genetic disorders are more common in males.
Explain how X-inactivation works and how nondisjunction gives rise to chromosomal disorders.