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The Arctic Tundra (Cold Grassland) Human Impact: Unique Characteristics: Global Warming Only about 18 inches of the Permafrost melts which soil thaws during the summer disrupts ecosystem and and the rest remains frozen releases methane and Most of the soil in the arctic carbon dioxide into the tundra was formed about 17,00 atmosphere years ago Oil Drilling, Pipes, mines, military bases leaves scars for centuries WORKS CITED: Commercial Hunting Miller, G. Tyler, and Scott Spoolman. kills animals faster than Living in the Environment: reborn Concepts, Connections, and Solutions. 16th ed. Belmont, CA: Pesticides Brooks/Cole, 2009. Print. Contaminates area and kills different species Weigel, Marlene. UXL Encyclopedia of Biomes. Vol. 3. Detroit: UXL, 2000. Print. "Arctic LTER." MBL: The Ecosystems Center. National Science Foundation. Web. 03 Jan. 2012. By Michelle Jamshidi & Olivia Sahadeo Types of Organisms: Thick spongy mat of low growing plants ◦ grasses ◦ mosses ◦ lichens ◦ dwarf shrubs Animals and insects ◦ mosquitoes ◦ black flies ◦ birds ◦ polar bears ◦ arctic wolves and foxes ◦ caribou ◦ musk oxen Low diversity Low species richness High species evenness ◦ only a few species of plants and animals live in the tundra, but they are found in great numbers Climate: Long and cold winters (windy and icy) Summers are short and cool Driest and coldest Average can get as cold as -70 degrees Similar to a cold desert Little precipitation ◦ Less than 10 inches annually and comes mostly as snow in the winter Location: Found on all 3 norther continents Northern Russia Northern Europe Norway, Sweden, Finland Alaska and Canada Greenland and Iceland 60-70 degrees Northern latitude Ways to Adapt: Thick coats and fur Living underground Migration Annual Growth