Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Management of acute coronary syndrome wikipedia , lookup
Heart failure wikipedia , lookup
Coronary artery disease wikipedia , lookup
Quantium Medical Cardiac Output wikipedia , lookup
Myocardial infarction wikipedia , lookup
Antihypertensive drug wikipedia , lookup
Cardiac surgery wikipedia , lookup
Artificial heart valve wikipedia , lookup
Mitral insufficiency wikipedia , lookup
Atrial septal defect wikipedia , lookup
Lutembacher's syndrome wikipedia , lookup
Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries wikipedia , lookup
Circulatory System Ch34 Q1-3 I. Circulatory System A. General Facts 1. Most cells closed off from environment 2. Circulatory system provides transport service 3. Moves blood and lymph 4. Cardiovascular system – blood, heart and blood vessels 5. Lymphatic system – lymph, nodes and lymph vessels 6. Circulatory system – cardiovascular and lymphatic systems combined B. Heart 1. Major pump/ fist-sized 2. Location – thoracic (chest) cavity 3. Pericardium – sac-like membrane/ surrounds heart and secretes lubricating fluid 4. Septum – divides heart – 2 sides a. Rt – pumps blood – lungs b. Left – pumps blood to body 5. 4 chambers a. 2 upper atrium b. 2 lower ventricles 6. Valves a. AV valves – atrioventricular/ separate atriums from ventricles b. Tricuspid – separate rt. Atrium and rt. Ventricle c. Mitral (bicuspid) – separate lft atrium and lft ventricle d. Semilunar valves – separate ventricles and lg vessels e. Pulmonary valve – B/T rt ventricle and lungs f. Aortic valve – B/T lft ventricle and aorta 7. Heart Circulation (Must memorize) a. superior vena cava (vein, decreased O2, increased CO2) b. Rt atrium c. Tricuspid valve d. Rt. Ventricle – pulmonary valve e. Pulmonary artery (decreased O2, increased CO2) f. Lungs g. Pulmonary veins h. Lft atrium i. Mitral (bicuspid) valve j. Lft ventricle k. Aortic valve l. Aorta (artery, increased O2, decreased CO2) 8. Control heart beat a. heart muscle cells contract in waves/ stimulate neighboring cells b. Sinoatrial node (SA node) Group specialized heart muscle cells in rt. Atrium Initiate own electrical impulse and contract (pacemaker) c. Atrioventricular node (AV node) Located septrum B/T atria Relay impulse to ventricles d. Ventricles beat fraction of a second after atria e. 2 phases of heart beat Systole – Ventricles contract/ close AV valves and open SL valves Diastole – ventricles relax/ back press. Blood closes SL valves/ Opens AV valves **lubb dub sound – closing valves ***heart murmur – defective valve not closing completely C. Blood Vessels 1. Circulatory system – closed system (blood stays in heart and vessels) 2. Arteries – lead away from heart/ smooth muscles allow stretching/ *pulse – stretching arteries 3. Blood Pressure – force of blood against artery walls a. Systolic Pressure – upper number (120mmHg) Pressure when ventricles contract b. Diastolic Pressure – ventricles relaxed (70mmHg) c. Hypertension – high blood pressure Caused from too much salt, “stiff” arteries, often unknown Can cause strokes, kidney failure and congestive heart failure D. Capillaries and Veins 1. Capillaries – a. One cell thick b. Service virtually every cell in body c. Allow gas exchange (diffusion) 2. Veins – a. Return used blood to heart b. Less muscular than arteries c. Under low blood pressure d. Valves – stop back flow of blood e. Skeletal muscles – help pump blood back to heart E. Pattern of Circulation 1. Pulmonary Circulation a. Rt. Ventricle sends to lungs b. c. d. e. Reaches capillaries CO2 and O2 diffuse lung cells to capillaries Oxygenated blood enters pulmonary veins Pulmonary veins dump into lft atrium 2. Systemic Circulation a. Lft ventricle pumps to aorta and other systems 3. Coronary circulation – feeds heart/ cut off = heart attack *atherosclerosis – build up of plaque/ blocks vessels 4. Renal circulation – ¼ of blood/ routed to kidneys to remove waste products from blood 5. Hepatic Circulation a. picks up nutrients from sm. Intestine b. delivers to liver for storage