Download organs and organ systems: introdaction

ORGANS AND ORGAN SYSTEMS: INTRODUCTION
Organs are composed of multiple tissue types organized to carry out a specific
function. Examples of organs include the heart, the brain, the pancreas, blood
vessels, bones, and skin. Groups of multiple organs working together to carry
out a major bodily function are called organ systems.
Any animal more complex than the cnidarians and ctenophores (jellyfish and
comb jellies) uses one or more organ systems to perform the body‘s necessary
functions. Each organ system has evolved within a species to help keep the
particular animal functional. In general, more highly evolved animals require
more complex organ systems than their primitive ancestors. For example,
Platyhelminthes (flatworms), which have no body cavity, use a urinary system
for the removal of waste but lack a circulatory system for the transport of
oxygen and nutrients. In contrast, vertebrates have several organ systems,
including one designed to circulate blood around the various body cavities.
All vertebrates possess the same eleven principal organ systems that facilitate all
of life‘s major functions.
Organ System
Function
Component Organs
1
Skeletal
Structural support and the Bones, cartilage, ligaments
site of muscle attachment
2
Muscular
Movement
3
Integumentary
Protects the body and Skin, sweat glands, nails, hair
regulates body temperature
4
Respiratory
Facilitates the intake of Lungs or gills, trachea, skin
oxygen and removal of
carbon dioxide
5
Circulatory
Transports materials such Heart, blood vessels, blood
as
nutrients,
waste
products, carbon dioxide,
and oxygen
6
Digestive
Breaks down food for the Mouth, stomach,
acquisition of nutrients
liver, pancreas
7
Urinary
Removes waste from the Kidneys,
blood
urethra
8
Immune
Provides defense against White blood cells, lymph nodes,
pathogens (disease-causing lymph vessels, spleen, thymus
agents)
Muscles
bladder,
intestines,
ureters,
1
9
Endocrine
Controls and regulates Glands
bodily functions through
chemical communication
between the brain and
organs and aids the
nervous
system
in
integrating the activities of
all bodily systems
10 Nervous
Detects
internal
and Nerves, brain,
external stimuli and aids in sensory organs
controlling
and
coordinating responses to
stimuli via electrochemical
communication
between
the brain and body; also
aids the endocrine system
in integrating the activities
of all bodily systems
spinal
cord,
11 Reproductive
Replicates genetic material Testes, ovaries, penis, uterus,
to be passed on to vagina
organisms‘ offspring
Match the names of organ systems with their descriptions.
Animals' bodies are made up of various body systems, groups of organs that work together to
perform a function. These body systems (also referred to as organ systems) include:
1. Reproductive system
a) enables animals to send, receive, and
process nerve and sensory impulses.
2. Respiratory system
b) enables animals to move and control
movement; consists of skeletal muscles
which help move the skeleton and control
movement, smooth muscles which are
involuntary and control the stomach and
intestine, and cardiac muscles which include
the heart muscles.
3. Nervous system
c) enables animals to break down food that
they eat and obtain energy for other body
processes.
4. Lymphatic system
d) is an animals outer covering (such as skin,
scales, feathers, fur, and other body parts that
protect the animal and prevent it from
drying).
2
5. Circulatory system
e) includes an animal's nose, lungs, and
trachea; brings air into the animal and
releases waste carbon dioxide back into
6. Endocrine system
f) enables animals to produce offspring.
7. Muscular system
g) helps to filter out disease-causing
organisms and helps to drain fluid waste
from in and around tissues. It helps in the
defense against infection.
8. Urinary system
h) transports blood throughout an animal's
body and consists of blood, arteries, veins,
and capillaries.
9. Integumentary system
i) consists of the kidneys, bladder, ureters,
and urethra and enables animals to expel
waste fluids in the form of urine.
10. Digestive system
j) provides internal or external support (such
as a skeleton, exoskeleton or shell).
11. Skeletal or support system
k) protects against infection and disease.
12. Immune system
l) is made up of glands (such as the thyroid,
pituitary, parathyroid adrenal,
pineal body, pancrease, thymus, ovaries, and
testes) and hormones (chemicals released
from glands into the bloodstream). These
glands and hormones control or influence
various body functions (such as metabolism,
growth, and reproduction).
Divide the following names of organs into groups according to the systems:
kidneys, heart and blood, urinary bladder, lymph nodes and vessels, thymus, teeth, tongue,
liver, pancreas, spleen, urethra, mouth, stomach, intestines, rectum, ureters, pituitary gland,
pineal gland, ovaries, nails, muscles, hair, brain, spinal cord, nerves, skin, sweat glands,
testes, thyroid gland, mammary glands, lungs, nose, trachea, bones and joints, bronchi.
Circulatory
Lymphatic
Digestive
Endocrine
3
Integumentary
Muscular
Nervous
Reproductive
Respiratory
Skeletal
Urinary/Excretory
4