Download Goal 3.05 II EOC Review Questions

Competency Goal 3: The learner will develop an understanding of the continuity of
life and the changes of organisms over time.
3.05 Examine the development of the theory of evolution by natural selection including:
development of the theory, the origin and history of life, fossil and biochemical evidence,
mechanisms of evolution, and applications (pesticide and antibiotic resistance).
1. Contrast abiogenesis (spontaneous generation) and biogenesis.
2. What did Louis Pasteur and Francesco Redi contribute to our understanding of the origins of life?
3. Explain the condition of Earth’s early atmosphere and surface.
Miller and Urey’s Hypothesis
4. Why did Miller and Urey use particular gases (see diagram)
in their experiment?
5. What type of organic molecules did they find?
6. What is the significance of their experiments?
7. Most hypotheses state that prokaryotic anaerobes
evolved first. Why?
8. The hypotheses then suggest that prokaryotic autotrophs
evolved? Why?
9. What gas would enter the atmosphere as a result of these
autotrophs appearing? ______________________
10. Then prokaryotic aerobic heterotrophs could evolve. What can these cells do that others before them
cannot?
11. Name the hypothesis explaining how eukaryotic cells evolved? ___________________________________
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12. Discuss the steps in Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection.
13 Populations of organisms have many genetic variations. Where do these come from?
14. Organisms could reproduce exponentially but they don’t. Why not? What are they restricted by?
15. How are variation and natural selection related?
16. Genetic variations lead to different adaptations. Define adaptations.
17. Some adaptations have better survival value in certain environments. What does this mean?
18. Those organisms with adaptations that better fit them to an environment will survive, reproduce and pass on
their genes.
a. What does it mean to be “fit” to an environment?
b. The next population will have a high frequency of the genes that have been selected for. Why will the
frequency of selected genes increase?
19. When natural selection continues over millions of years, the process can lead to speciation. Explain
speciation?
20. Explain how geographic isolation and reproductive isolation play a role in speciation.
21. Define the following and explain how they are related to natural selection:
a. pesticide resistance –
b. antibiotic resistance –
22. Sketch or describe the following: Stabilizing Selection, Directional Selection and Disruptive Selection.
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23. What can we infer from the fossil record? In the Geologic Column where do you find the oldest/youngest
fossils?
24. Describe co-evolution and give an example.
25. What is a vestigial structure? Name an example.
26. Compare and contrast convergent and divergent evolution.
27. What is adaptive radiation? How did the finches of the Galapagos adapt to their environment?
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