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Roman Republic and Roman Empire Piedmont Middle School 6th Grade Social Studies Warm-Up • How did the geography of Rome impact its development? – Rivers – Bodies of Water – Mountains Warm-up: How did the geography of Rome impact its development? • City was located at the top of 7 hills – This made it easier to defend • The city was built 15 miles inland along the Tiber River – This made it hard to attack from the sea but still allowed for trade and was a fresh water source • On the Italian Peninsula (surrounded by water) – Good for trade and navy – Islands that surrounded the peninsula were also important for trade and defense • Protected by Mountains – The Alps and Apennines • Good climate and farmland – Able to grow beans, veggies, fruits, olives, and grapes Roman Republic Brainpop- The Roman Republic • Lasted from 509 BCE – 49 BCE – Almost 500 years Roman Republic Brainpop- The Roman Republic • The Republic had 3 branches of governments, very similar to what we have today: – Senate: Noble and wealthy people – Consul: Judges and military commanders – Assembly: Common people (elected) Roman Republic Brainpop- The Roman Republic • The United States uses a system called “checks and balances” so that no one branch of government becomes too powerful – Legislative: Make laws – Executive: Enforce laws – Judicial: Decided if laws are fair, if someone broke a law Civil War • A civil war is a war between groups of the same country – The United States Civil War lasted from 1860-1865 – The Union (North) defeated the Confederacy (South) • In Rome, a civil war broke out between the people in 49 BCE – The working class felt that they did not have as many rights as the wealthy Civil War • During this time, Julius Caesar became the most powerful figure in the Roman Republic • The Republic began to expand, conquering areas around the Mediterranean – Julius Caesar and his armies were capturing more land for Rome Roman Republic • Many generals and other nobles from Rome didn’t approve of Julius Caesar • They ordered Julius Caesar to come back to Rome without his army • Caesar came back to Rome with his army and fought the generals and nobles in a civil war Roman Republic shifts to the Roman Empire Brainpop- Rise of the Roman Empire • Caesar won the civil war and declared himself dictator (Rome was no longer a republic) – He was allied with Cleopatra from Egypt – She provided him with money and supplies Roman Republic shifts to the Roman Empire Brainpop- Rise of the Roman Empire • Although Caesar was now a dictator, he was still well-liked by the people • Caesar did some good things for the people while in control – Gave land to soldiers – Gave food to the poor – Granted citizenship to those who were not citizens End of the Roman Republic • Even though most people in Rome liked Caesar, the nobles and senators did not because they lost all of their power • In 44 BCE, Julius Caesar was stabbed to death on the senate floor Roman Empire • After Caesar’s death, there was a lot of fighting for control of Rome • Octavian was crowned emperor after all of the fighting • Octavian was also known as Augustus – Julius Caesar was his great-uncle Roman Empire • Augustus changed the government so that the wealthy citizens and normal citizens were equally represented – However, Augustus still maintained the power of an emperor