Revival and Reform
... • Gunpowder Empires • Late Sunni Tradition: knot of… – The 4 Sunni schools of law… or else. – Speculative theology – Sufi brotherhoods (and often the theosophical Sufism of Ibn Arabi), acceptance of popular ritual ...
... • Gunpowder Empires • Late Sunni Tradition: knot of… – The 4 Sunni schools of law… or else. – Speculative theology – Sufi brotherhoods (and often the theosophical Sufism of Ibn Arabi), acceptance of popular ritual ...
Glossary of Arabic Terms `alim — a Muslim religious scholar
... Shafi‘i — the name of one of the sunni (q.v.) schools of law founded by Muhammad ash-Shafi‘i (d. 820) Sharia — Islamic law Shariba — drinking water Shi‘i — followers of the “party” of Ali; the principal minority sect of Islam; original meaning “party”, “partisan” shirb — the right to irrigated land ...
... Shafi‘i — the name of one of the sunni (q.v.) schools of law founded by Muhammad ash-Shafi‘i (d. 820) Sharia — Islamic law Shariba — drinking water Shi‘i — followers of the “party” of Ali; the principal minority sect of Islam; original meaning “party”, “partisan” shirb — the right to irrigated land ...
Hanbali
The Hanbali school (Arabic: المذهب الحنبلي) is one of the four orthodox Sunni Islamic schools of jurisprudence (fiqh). It is named after the Iraqi scholar Ahmad ibn Hanbal (d. 855), and was institutionalized by his students. The Hanbali madhhab is the smallest of four major Sunni schools, the others being the Hanafi, Maliki and Shafi'i.Hanbali school derives Sharia predominantly from the Quran, the Hadiths (sayings and customs of Muhammad), and the views of Sahabah (Muhammad's companions). In cases where there is no clear answer in sacred texts of Islam, the Hanbali school does not accept jurist discretion or customs of a community as a sound basis to derive Islamic law, a method that Hanafi and Maliki Sunni fiqhs accept. Hanbalis rely instead on weaker Hadiths, individual opinions of Muhammad's companions or analogy.Hanbali school is the strict traditionalist and most conservative school of jurisprudence in Sunni Islam. It is found primarily in Saudi Arabia and Qatar, where it is the official fiqh. Hanbali followers are the demographic majority in the four emirates of UAE (Sharjah, Umm al-Quwain, Ras al-Khaimah and Ajman). Small numbers of Hanbali followers are also found in Bahrain, Oman and Yemen. The Hanbali school was the forerunner of the Wahhabi-Salafist movement. Historically the school was small; during the 18th to early-20th century Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab and Al Saud greatly aided its propagation in Saudi Arabia.